Figure 2.

The hippocampal formation is activated in spatial memory as in the London Cab Driver’s study (Maguire et al 1997), as well as in spatial location of food in food-caching birds and squirrels (see text). The hippocampus is also a target of sex hormones that affect spatial memory (Sandstrom & Williams 2004). The hippocampus is also sensitive to damage by seizures, ischemia and head trauma in which glucocorticoids synergize effects of excitatory amino acid overload (Sapolsky 1990).