Table 4.

Sub-distribution Hazard Ratios (HRsd) with 95% Confidence Intervals for Death, stratified by Age group, among Patients with Lupus Nephritis ESRD in the U.S., 1995-2008 (Kidney transplantation as competing event)

	Age at ESRD Onset
	18-39 years	40-59 years	#x2265; 60 years	p interaction*
Race
White	1.0 (Ref)	1.0 (Ref)	1.0 (Ref)
African American	1.67 (1.44-1.93)	1.26 (1.12-1.41)	1.01 (0.86-1.20)	<0.0001
Asian	0.99 (0.76-1.29)	0.68 (0.52-0.90)	0.37 (0.21-0.65)	0.03
Native American	1.50 (0.97-2.32)	1.05 (0.66-1.66)	0.73 (0.27-1.95)	0.04
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	1.0 (Ref)	1.0 (Ref)	1.0 (Ref)
Hispanic	0.94 (0.79-1.12)	0.78 (0.65-0.94)	0.76 (0.60-0.98)	0.36
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic African Americans	1.0 (Ref)	1.0 (Ref)	1.0 (Ref)
Hispanic African Americans	0.99 (0.59-1.63)	1.06 (0.60-1.88)	1.45 (0.65-3.22)	0.11
Non-Hispanic Whites	1.0 (Ref)	1.0 (Ref)	1.0 (Ref)
Hispanic Whites	0.86 (0.69-1.07)	0.75 (0.61-0.92)	0.69 (0.52-0.91)	0.21

Models adjusted for sex, age at ESRD onset, calendar year, type of medical insurance prior to ESRD, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albumin, employment status, area-level socioeconomic status, U. S. region of residence, type of renal replacement therapy and comorbidities (smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular accidents, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease and cancer).

^*p interaction= multiplicative interaction from a model additionally including interaction terms for race and each age category.