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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 27.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Gene Ther. 2015;15(4):381–394. doi: 10.2174/1566523215666150630121750

Table 3. Factors contributing to transgene immunogenicity in AAV gene transfer to muscle.

Factor Increased immunogenicity Decreased immunogenicity References
Muscle environment Inflamed Normal (18)
Route of vector administration Intramuscular Intravascular (35, 161, 164)
Vector dose/site (intramuscular) High dose/site of injection Low dose/site of injection (111)
Genetic background Lack of endogenous protein Presence of non-functional endogenous protein antigen (108)
Expression cassette Constitutive expression cassette Muscle-specific cassette/detargeting of APCs (100, 102)
Vector genome conformation Self-complementary Single-stranded (108, 112)
Transgene Strong T and B cell epitopes (101)