Table 1. Age estimates of L2 and L0a clades mentioned in the text.

Clade	Bayesian relaxed clock	ML whole mtDNA	ρwhole mtDNA	ρ synonymous age
L2	78600 [64900–92400]	99100 [83000–115500]	68800 [52200–86100]	76400 [46600–106200]
L2a’b’c’d	73700 [60500–87400]	93500 [78000–109300]	57200 [38500–76800]	77900 [41100–114700]
L2a	66100 [52700–79200]	84400 [67000–102200]	50100 [33100–68000]	70500 [35600–105400]
L2a1-4	45500 [34800–56600]	50700 [34700–67500]	28300 [20600–36300]	32400 [18500–46300]
L2a1	29600 [23400–36100]	26500 [17900–35500]	18900 [12000–26100]	28700 [11100–46200]
L2a1 + 143	23300 [19300–28000]	24800 [17500–32200]	23200 [18000–28500]	21000 [15900–26000]
L2a1a	8700 [6200–11000]	6200 [3800–8800]	5400 [3300–7600]	5900 [2000–9800]
L2a1a2a1a	8100 [6300–10300]	5300 [3200–7500]	6800 [3200–10400]	6600 [2500–10600]
L2a1b	14000 [11800–16300]	11400 [7100–15900]	14100 [6400–22100]	11000 [400–21500]
L2a1b1a	9400 [7300–11500]	6900 [4500–9300]	5000 [2800–7300]	3200 [600–5700]
L2a1c	17300 [14100–20500]	17000 [12600–21500]	17400 [13300–21500]	18000 [12100–24000]
L2a1d	15300 [12200–18900]	17600 [12200–23100]	22200 [12300–32500]	22400 [6200–38600]
L2a1d1	9900 [6500–13800]	10600 [5700–15700]	15500 [7700–23500]	19700 [4300–35200]
L2a1d2	13000 [10300–16000]	15800 [10100–21600]	17200 [6100–28900]	11800 [0–25500]
L2a1d2a	7700 [5800–10600]	3700 [1700–5700]	3500 [1800–5200]	3900 [800–7100]
L2a1e	13300 [9400–17100]	13300 [6700–20100]	13400 [6100–20900]	22300 [5800–38800]
L2a1f	18300 [13600–22600]	7500 [5100–9900]	7700 [5200–10300]	7000 [4000–10100]
L2a1g	6000 [2300–10700]	3700 [0–8600]	3900 [0–8400]	3900 [0–11700]
L2a1h	13300 [9200–17400]	14400 [6400–22800]	16900 [6200–28200]	23700 [2500–44800]
L2a1i	11700 [8900–14000]	9300 [5600–13100]	9400 [5100–13800]	9400 [2600–16100]
L2a1j	7600 [4500–11900]	7000 [0–16900]	6100 [1000–11400]	5300 [0–12500]
L2a1k	8800 [4900–13500]	9700 [3400–16300]	10600 [3200–18400]	7900 [0–18800]
L2a1l	12500 [10600–14100]	11000 [6800–15400]	11300 [16200–65600]	10000 [1100–18900]
L2a1l2a	6600 [4400–8800]	1500 [0–3600]	1800 [0–4300]	—
L2a1m	7700 [4900–10700]	6500 [2400–10800]	5700 [2000–9600]	9500 [800–18200]
L2a1q	6100 [3500]	2900 [0–6800]	1700 [0–4100]	2600 [0–7800]
L2a1r	8500 [5800–11200]	7300 [1500–13400]	9000 [2600–15600]	6300 [0–18700]
L2a2'3'4	32300 [22600–41200]	36500 [25200–48400]	37100 [25400–49300]	42800 [24200–61500]
L2a4	23600 [14800–32100]	27600 [17000–38600]	23700 [12300–35700]	42400 [15000–69800]
L2a4a	9900 [5800–14100]	6100 [1600–10600]	4800 [1300–8400]	3900 [0–9700]
L2a4b	10700 [5600–15800]	12500 [4500–21000]	13400 [5000–22200]	15800 [300–31200]
L2a5	46000 [32100–59200]	56200 [41300–71700]	50000 [34000–66800]	57400 [28600–86300]
L2b’c’d	65100 [52400–78700]	86700 [10400–70500]	79800 [10100–59300]	50500 [30100–70800]
L2b’c	49700 [37300–61000]	65300 [49700–81300]	59300 [43500–75800]	39200 [22900–55500]
L2b	24500 [19300–30700]	26000 [20300–31900]	27600 [19000–36600]	30900 [17000–44800]
L2b1a3	9800 [6900–12700]	5500 [2900–8100]	5200 [2400–8100]	7200 [600–13800]
L2b2a	7700 [4800–10800]	6100 [1900–10500]	4700 [1600–7800]	4700 [0–10100]
L2c	18300 [14500–22700]	17200 [13800–20600]	18600 [14300–23000]	15500 [10900–20100]
L2c2a1	7800 [5700–9700]	5900 [2000–10000]	8400 [1400–15800]	3200 [100–6200]
L2c2b1b	5000 [2900–7300]	2500 [0–5500]	2600 [0–5600]	2600 [0–7800]
L2d	16200 [12600–20400]	19000 [13200–24900]	16500 [9700–23500]	18600 [7300–29800]
L2e	34300 [24200–44900]	38900 [28400–49600]	28600 [20100–37400]	37200 [20700–53600]
L2e1a1a	5300 [2700–9000]	1800 [0–4200]	1700 [0–4100]	—
L0a	—	59200 [41000–78200]	38500 [27700–49700]	37700 [20700–54800]
L0a1a2	—	10500 [7700–13400]	7800 [5500–10100]	6300 [4100–8500]
L0a1b1a	—	6700 [3600–9900]	6300 [2000–10800]	3600 [1300–5800]
L0a2a2a	—	7000 [4700–9300]	5500 [3400–7700]	5300 [1400–9200]

Underlined branches are newly labelled in this study.