Table 2.

Determinants of heat vulnerability, levels of evidence and agreement [41].

Amount of Evidence	Large	Gender: Female	Age (+) Education (−)	Magnitude (+)
	medium	income race: Non-African American minorities	population density (+) poverty (+) deprivation (+) housing quality (~) social isolation (~)	timing (+) pre-existing medicalconditions (+) acclimatization (−) race: African American (+) air conditioning (−)
	small	housing density social networks	total population (~) urban land use (+) open space (~) vegetation (−) healthcare access (−)	duration (+) variance (+) race: non-white (~)
		low	medium	high
		level of agreement

Notes: “Amount of evidence” represents the amount of empirical evidence available in the literature; “Level of agreement” represents the level of agreement across different studies. Symbols in parentheses denote the direction of the relationship between each specific factor and heat vulnerability that was identified in the majority of studies, in cases of medium or high level of agreement only. +, positive relationship (increases vulnerability); –, negative relationship (decreases vulnerability); ~, no relationship.