Anthrax—Anthrax is caused by an infection from the Bacillus anthracis bacterium, which can be found in farm animals [76]. The bacteria can be contracted by humans through the skin, stomach or lungs with the latter associated with the most severe symptoms [76].

Blastomycosis—Blastomycosis is caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis fungus [151]. Humans become infected by inhaling the fungal spores, affecting any organ but most commonly the lungs [151]. Infections are rare but may be fatal [151].

Campylobacter—Campylobacteriosis is caused by an infection from Campylobacter bacteria [76]. Campylobacteriosis affects the gastrointestinal system and may be contracted through the consumption of contaminated food or water, raw milk or close contact with an infected human or animal [76].

Coccidioidomycosis—Coccidiodomycosis, also known as “Valley fever” or “cocci” is caused by coccidioides fungus [316]. Humans become infected by breathing in the fungus [316]. Most infected individuals do not experience any symptoms but in some cases, there can be flu-like symptoms and rarely, the infection can be more severe, leading to meningitis or death [316]..

Clodistrium (C.).perfringens—C. Perfringens is a bacteria that causes food poisoning through the enterotoxin it produces in the human body[317]. The bacteria is typically found in cooked foods (vegetables, meat, fish, poultry) stored for prolonged periods at room temperatures [317].

Cryptoccocus gattii—Crytococcus gattiiis a fungus, found on trees and soil that can lead to the illness cryptococcal disease (cryptococcosis) [318]. When the fungus is inhaled, humans can become infected, with impacts on the lungs and may progress to the nervous system [144,318].

Cryptosporidiosis—Cryptosporidiosis is caused by an infection from the Crytptosporidium parasites [76]. Cryptosopridiosis is an intestinal infection and is commonly transmitted through water [76].

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV)—EEEV and Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) are part of the genus Alphavirus, with EEE the most severe arboviral encephalitides [319]. EEEV and WEEV are transmitted to humans typically by mosquitoes that feed on animals that have been infected by the virus.

Escherichia (E.) coli—E. coli is a group of bacteria found in human and animal intestines that are largely benign [320]. A few strains including E. coli O157:H7 can cause (severe) illness in humans (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, complications such as kidney failure) [320].

Eutrophication—Eutrophication is the excessive growth of aquatic plants (i.e., algae) due to the introduction of nutrients into a body of water such as nitrogen or phosphorous; the availability of these nutrients may previously have been a limiting factor for growth [321]. This excess growth typically alters species composition and reduces the availability of oxygen available to other aquatic life [321].

Giardiasis—Giardiasis is caused by an infection from the parasite Giardia and can be contracted from consuming (items contaminated with) fecal matter containing Giardia cysts [76]. Giardiasis affects the intestinal system and is commonly transmitted through water [76].

Hantavirus—Hantavirus can lead to the rare but highly fatal disease Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome [322]. The virus can be transmitted to humans from infected rodents when airborne particles of the infected rodent’s droppings, urine and saliva are inhaled [322]. There have been some accounts of transmission directly from the bites of infected rodents [322].

Hepatitis A—Hepatitis A is caused by an infection from the hepatitis A virus and can be contracted from oral contact with (items contaminated with) fecal matter containing the virus [76]. Hepatitis A is a liver infection and can be prevented by immunization [76].

Leptospirosis—Leptospirosis is caused by the bacteria Leptospira [323]. The bacteria can be transmitted from infected animals to humans through contact with water, soil or food that has been contaminated by their urine [323].

Lyme disease—Lyme disease is caused by an infection from the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi [76]. The bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted to humans by ticks, which feed on both wild animals infected with the bacteria and humans [76].

Naegleria fowleri—Naegleria fowleri is an amoeba that destroys the brain in infected individuals [324]. It is present in warm freshwater and soil and infects the human body through the nose [324].

Salmonellosis (S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi)—Salmonellosis is caused by an infection from Salmonella bacteria [76]. Salmonellosis affects the gastrointestinal system and outbreaks have been associated with a range of foods (e.g., uncooked eggs, meat, poultry, raw produce) [76].

“Silo-filler’s disease”—“Silo-filler’s disease” involves poisoning from NO2 gas [158].

St. Louis Encephalitis virus (SLEV)—Humans are typically infected by SLEV by mosquitoes, through the bite of mosquitoes, which have acquired the virus from infected animal hosts (e.g., wild birds) [325].

Streptobacillus (S.) moniliformis—S. monoliformis is one of two bacteria that cause “Rat-bite fever” and the form common in North America [326]. Rat-bite fever is transmitted by infected rodents or through the consumption of contaminated food or water [326].

West Nile virus—West Nile virus is part of the family flaviviridae, similar to the viruses that cause dengue fever, yellow fever and St. Louis encephalitis [76]. The virus is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes infected with the virus [76].