Figure 3. Effect of ciliopathy genes on progenitor proliferation.

(a–e) Co-labelling with anti-GFP and PH3 antibodies show proliferating, GFP⁺/PH3⁺ RG progenitors in VZ (arrow) and IPs in SVZ (arrowhead), respectively, in control cortices (a). (b–e) In contrast, knockdown of BUBR1 [BUB1B] (b), TMEM216 (c), IFT80 (d) and KIF7 (e) resulted in significantly reduced proliferation of RG progenitors and IPs. (f–j) Co-labelling with anti-GFP, BrdU and Tbr2 antibodies indicates that knockdown of BUBR1 [BUB1B] (g), TMEM216 (h), IFT80 (i) and KIF7 (j) resulted in reduced percentage of Tbr2⁺ cells (Tbr2⁺/GFP⁺ (open arrowhead)) and mitotic progenitors (BrdU⁺/GFP⁺ (arrow), Tbr2⁺/BrdU⁺/GFP⁺ (filled arrowhead)). (k) Quantification of percentage of PH3⁺/GFP⁺ cells in control and BUBR1 [BUB1B], TMEM216, IFT80 and KIF7 groups. Data shown are mean±s.e.m. *P<0.05 (Student's t-test). (l) Quantification of percentage of BrdU⁺/GFP⁺, Tbr2⁺/GFP⁺ and Tbr2⁺/BrdU⁺/GFP⁺ cells in control and BUBR1 [BUB1B], TMEM216, IFT80 and KIF7 shRNA groups. Data shown are mean±s.e.m. *P<0.05 (Student's t-test). Number of brains per group=4. Scale bar, 10 μm (a–j).