TABLE 2.
Global metabolomic profiling of amino acid metabolism of Hispanic children by obesity status1
| Scaled, imputed values |
Adjusted results2 |
|||
| Superpathway/subpathway and metabolites | Nonobese | Obese | t (reference nonobese) | P |
| Alanine and aspartate | ||||
| Alanine | 0.98 ± 0.29 | 1.07 ± 0.29 | 4.83 | 1.8 × 10−6 |
| Asparagine | 1.10 ± 0.30 | 0.95 ± 0.25 | −6.69 | 5.8 × 10−11 |
| Aspartate | 1.06 ± 0.25 | 0.99 ± 0.21 | −4.2 | 3.1 × 10−5 |
| Creatine | ||||
| Creatine | 0.94 ± 0.28 | 1.02 ± 0.26 | 4.43 | 1.1 × 10−5 |
| Glutamate | ||||
| Glutamate | 1.19 ± 1.29 | 1.52 ± 1.45 | 7.32 | 9.1 × 10−13 |
| Pyroglutamine | 1.45 ± 1.20 | 1.19 ± 0.81 | −4.87 | 1.5 × 10−6 |
| Glycine, serine, and threonine | ||||
| Glycine | 1.15 ± 0.27 | 0.94 ± 0.23 | −10.86 | 5.6 × 10−25 |
| N-Acetylglycine | 1.49 ± 0.90 | 1.00 ± 0.60 | −10.28 | 9.4 × 10−23 |
| Serine | 1.11 ± 0.25 | 0.95 ± 0.21 | −8.82 | 1.7 × 10−17 |
| Histidine | ||||
| Histidine | 1.03 ± 0.12 | 0.97 ± 0.14 | −6.61 | 9.4 × 10−11 |
| Leucine, isoleucine, and valine | ||||
| C5 | 0.96 ± 0.25 | 1.08 ± 0.26 | 6.59 | 1.1 × 10−10 |
| 3-Methyl-2-oxobutyrate | 0.97 ± 0.20 | 1.04 ± 0.19 | 4.93 | 1.1 × 10−6 |
| α-Hydroxyisovalerate | 1.00 ± 0.34 | 1.11 ± 0.40 | 4.39 | 1.4 × 10−5 |
| Isoleucine | 0.95 ± 0.16 | 1.04 ± 0.15 | 8.83 | 1.5 × 10−17 |
| C5-OH | 0.92 ± 0.32 | 1.16 ± 0.40 | 9.47 | 9.2 × 10−20 |
| Leucine | 0.96 ± 0.16 | 1.04 ± 0.14 | 8.78 | 2.2 × 10−17 |
| Valine | 0.95 ± 0.14 | 1.05 ± 0.13 | 11.24 | 1.8 × 10−26 |
| Lysine | ||||
| Lysine | 0.96 ± 0.19 | 1.03 ± 0.18 | 6.38 | 3.8 × 10−10 |
| Methionine, cysteine, SAM, and taurine | ||||
| AHB | 1.01 ± 0.46 | 1.10 ± 0.37 | 4.43 | 1.1 × 10−5 |
| AKB | 0.94 ± 0.56 | 1.24 ± 0.67 | 6.54 | 1.5 × 10−10 |
| 3-(4)-Hydroxyphenyl lactate | 0.97 ± 0.30 | 1.09 ± 0.30 | 7.61 | 1.3 × 10−13 |
| Phenylalanine and tyrosine | ||||
| Phenylalanine | 0.95 ± 0.12 | 1.04 ± 0.13 | 11.67 | 3.5 × 10−28 |
| Tyrosine | 0.90 ± 0.15 | 1.10 ± 0.18 | 17.7 | 1.0 × 10−32 |
| Acisoga | 0.96 ± 0.26 | 1.07 ± 0.27 | 5.26 | 2.1 × 10−7 |
| Polyamine | ||||
| C-glycosyltryptophan | 0.97 ± 0.15 | 1.04 ± 0.15 | 7.65 | 9.6 × 10−14 |
| Kynurenate | 0.82 ± 0.37 | 0.98 ± 0.36 | 6.48 | 2.1 × 10−10 |
| Kynurenine | 0.95 ± 0.21 | 1.08 ± 0.23 | 8.96 | 5.5 × 10−18 |
| Tryptophan | 0.98 ± 0.16 | 1.03 ± 0.15 | 5.26 | 2.1 × 10−7 |
| Citrulline | 1.05 ± 0.24 | 0.97 ± 0.21 | −4.49 | 8.6 × 10−6 |
| Urea cycle; arginine and proline | ||||
| Ornithine | 0.99 ± 0.38 | 1.13 ± 0.45 | 5.37 | 1.2 × 10−7 |
| Peptide | ||||
| γ-Glutamylglutamate | 1.03 ± 1.10 | 1.22 ± 1.04 | 5.01 | 7.3 × 10−7 |
| γ-Glutamyl amino acid | ||||
| γ-Glutamylleucine | 1.09 ± 0.65 | 1.19 ± 0.65 | 3.86 | 1.3 × 10−4 |
| γ-Glutamylphenylalanine | 0.97 ± 0.24 | 1.09 ± 0.26 | 7.38 | 6.3 × 10−13 |
| γ-Glutamyltyrosine | 0.92 ± 0.23 | 1.12 ± 0.28 | 11.73 | 1.9 × 10−28 |
| Bradykinin | 1.17 ± 2.05 | 2.32 ± 5.85 | 6.67 | 6.5 × 10−11 |
| Polypeptide | ||||
| Bradykinin-des-Arg(9) | 0.89 ± 1.40 | 2.05 ± 6.65 | 7.32 | 9.4 × 10−13 |
| HWESASLLR | 1.62 ± 3.04 | 2.53 ± 6.17 | 5.24 | 2.4 × 10−7 |
| HWESASXX | 1.04 ± 0.77 | 1.50 ± 1.81 | 5.72 | 1.7 × 10−8 |
1
All values are means ± SDs. Main effect of obesity status, P < 1.151 × 10−4. AHB, α-hydroxybutyrate; AKB, α-ketobutyrate; C5, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine; C5-OH, isovalerylcarnitine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine.
2
Mixed-effects linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, and Tanner stage (ln metabolite).