TABLE 3.
Global metabolomic profiling of lipid metabolism of Hispanic children by obesity status1
| Scaled, imputed values |
Adjusted results2 |
|||
| Superpathway/subpathway and metabolites | Nonobese | Obese | t (reference nonobese) | P |
| Carnitine | ||||
| Carnitine | 0.94 ± 0.14 | 1.04 ± 0.13 | 10.71 | 2.3 × 10−24 |
| Acylcarnitine | ||||
| Propionylcarnitine (3) | 0.92 ± 0.23 | 1.10 ± 0.25 | 10.78 | 1.2 × 10−24 |
| Butyrylcarnitine (4) | 1.03 ± 0.66 | 1.30 ± 0.71 | 8.2 | 1.8 × 10−15 |
| Hexanoylcarnitine (6) | 1.01 ± 0.48 | 1.10 ± 0.32 | 5.59 | 3.5 × 10−8 |
| Stearoylcarnitine (18) | 1.07 ± 0.43 | 0.87 ± 0.36 | −6.37 | 4.2 × 10−10 |
| Oleoylcarnitine (18:1) | 1.20 ± 0.52 | 1.01 ± 0.39 | −5.57 | 4.1 × 10−8 |
| Fatty acid, amide | ||||
| 2-Aminoheptanoate | 1.01 ± 0.40 | 1.11 ± 0.44 | 4.47 | 9.5 × 10−6 |
| 2-Aminooctanoate | 1.29 ± 0.77 | 1.03 ± 0.66 | −6.30 | 6.4 × 10−10 |
| Fatty acid, dicarboxylate | ||||
| Dodecanedioate | 1.25 ± 2.24 | 0.92 ± 0.52 | −4.23 | 2.7 × 10−5 |
| Tetradecanedioate | 1.60 ± 3.96 | 1.04 ± 0.85 | −3.84 | 1.4 × 10−4 |
| 2-Hydroxydecanoate | 1.14 ± 0.46 | 1.00 ± 0.34 | −4.89 | 1.3 × 10−6 |
| Ketone bodies | ||||
| BHBA | 3.42 ± 7.69 | 1.73 ± 3.17 | −6.10 | 2.0 × 10−9 |
| Long-chain fatty acid | ||||
| 10-Heptadecenoate (17:1n–7) | 1.03 ± 0.55 | 1.12 ± 0.44 | 5.00 | 7.9 × 10−7 |
| Arachidate (20:0) | 1.19 ± 0.48 | 1.00 ± 0.28 | −4.99 | 8.3 × 10−7 |
| Myristoleate (14:1n–5) | 1.04 ± 0.72 | 1.12 ± 0.55 | 5.61 | 3.3 × 10−8 |
| Nonadecanoate (19:0) | 1.15 ± 0.44 | 0.99 ± 0.28 | −6.88 | 1.6 × 10−11 |
| Palmitoleate (16:1n–7) | 1.00 ± 0.60 | 1.13 ± 0.48 | 6.59 | 1.1 × 10−10 |
| Lysolipid | ||||
| 1-Arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine (20:4n–6) | 1.11 ± 0.34 | 0.98 ± 0.38 | −6.38 | 3.9 × 10−10 |
| 1-Dihomo-linoleoylglycerophosphocholine (20:2n–6) | 1.14 ± 0.76 | 0.94 ± 0.74 | −4.53 | 7.2 × 10−6 |
| 1-Docosahexaenoylglycerophosphocholine (22:6n–3) | 1.17 ± 0.50 | 1.01 ± 0.42 | −5.25 | 2.2 × 10−7 |
| 1-Docosapentaenoylglycerophosphocholine (22:5n–3) | 1.10 ± 0.44 | 0.99 ± 0.43 | −3.7 | 2.4 × 10−4 |
| 1-Eicosenoylglycerophosphocholine (20:1n–9) | 1.14 ± 0.92 | 0.85 ± 0.71 | −6.17 | 1.4 × 10−9 |
| 1-Linolenoylglycerophosphocholine (18:3n–3) | 1.22 ± 0.58 | 1.01 ± 0.48 | −5.31 | 1.6 × 10−7 |
| 1-Linoleoylglycerophosphocholine (18:2n–6) | 1.16 ± 0.28 | 0.92 ± 0.23 | −12.62 | 1.0 × 10−32 |
| 1-Linoleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine | 1.10 ± 0.37 | 0.98 ± 0.32 | −4.97 | 8.9 × 10−7 |
| 1-Margaroylglycerophosphocholine (17:0) | 1.32 ± 1.03 | 1.05 ± 1.02 | −4.23 | 2.8 × 10−5 |
| 1-Oleoylglycerophosphocholine (18:1) | 1.24 ± 0.55 | 0.97 ± 0.49 | −8.33 | 6.7 × 10−16 |
| 1-Oleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine | 1.19 ± 0.44 | 1.01 ± 0.36 | −5.98 | 4.2 × 10−9 |
| 1-Palmitoylglycerophosphoinositol | 1.01 ± 0.76 | 1.20 ± 0.68 | 6.18 | 1.3 × 10−9 |
| 1-Stearoylglycerophosphocholine (18:0) | 1.35 ± 0.90 | 1.17 ± 0.89 | −4.27 | 2.3 × 10−5 |
| 2-Linoleoylglycerophosphocholine | 1.25 ± 0.44 | 0.93 ± 0.30 | −12.18 | 3.0 × 10−30 |
| 2-Linoleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine | 1.05 ± 0.44 | 0.86 ± 0.38 | −5.82 | 1.0 × 10−8 |
| 2-Oleoylglycerophosphocholine | 1.22 ± 0.51 | 0.96 ± 0.40 | −8.49 | 2.1 × 10−16 |
| 2-Oleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine | 1.13 ± 0.48 | 0.94 ± 0.41 | −5.28 | 1.9 × 10−07 |
| 2-Palmitoylglycerophosphocholine | 1.22 ± 0.59 | 1.09 ± 0.59 | −4.05 | 5.9 × 10−05 |
| 2-Stearoylglycerophosphocholine | 1.38 ± 1.00 | 1.21 ± 1.14 | −3.71 | 2.3 × 10−04 |
| Medium-chain fatty acid | ||||
| Caprate (10:0) | 1.16 ± 0.49 | 0.99 ± 0.29 | −5.08 | 5.2 × 10−07 |
| Laurate (12:0) | 1.28 ± 0.81 | 1.05 ± 0.50 | −4.15 | 3.8 × 10−05 |
| Monoacylglycerol | ||||
| 1-Palmitoylglycerol (1-monopalmitin) | 0.98 ± 0.29 | 1.08 ± 0.35 | 4.08 | 5.1 × 10−05 |
| Phospholipid | ||||
| Choline | 0.96 ± 0.19 | 1.05 ± 0.19 | 6.90 | 1.4 × 10−11 |
| PUFA | ||||
| Dihomo-linolenate (20:3n–3 or n–6) | 1.00 ± 0.43 | 1.14 ± 0.48 | 6.57 | 1.2 × 10−10 |
| Secondary bile acid | ||||
| Taurolithocholate 3-sulfate | 1.22 ± 1.22 | 0.95 ± 0.96 | −4.50 | 8.3 × 10−06 |
| Sphingolipid | ||||
| Stearoylsphingomyelin | 0.96 ± 0.29 | 1.07 ± 0.33 | 5.11 | 4.5 × 10−7 |
| Steroid | ||||
| 4-Androsten-3β-17β-diol disulfate 1 | 1.12 ± 1.19 | 1.51 ± 1.24 | 11.31 | 9.4 × 10−27 |
| 4-Androsten-3β-17β-diol disulfate 2 | 1.01 ± 0.71 | 1.17 ± 0.65 | 8.55 | 1.3 × 10−16 |
| 5α-Androstan-3β-17β-diol disulfate | 1.08 ± 1.44 | 1.24 ± 1.30 | 7.18 | 2.3 × 10−12 |
| Androsteroid monosulfate 2 | 1.23 ± 1.29 | 1.43 ± 1.27 | 6.60 | 1.0 × 10−10 |
| Androsterone sulfate | 1.40 ± 1.50 | 1.34 ± 1.09 | −4.50 | 8.5 × 10−6 |
| Cortisone | 1.06 ± 0.20 | 0.96 ± 0.21 | −6.64 | 7.6 × 10−11 |
| DHEA-S | 1.15 ± 1.04 | 1.28 ± 0.92 | 7.42 | 4.6 × 10−13 |
| Epiandrosterone sulfate | 1.34 ± 1.50 | 1.29 ± 1.08 | −4.70 | 3.4 × 10−6 |
| Sterol | ||||
| Lathosterol | 0.65 ± 0.42 | 1.16 ± 0.59 | 15.38 | 1.0 × 10−32 |
1
All values are means ± SDs. Main effect of obesity status, P < 1.151 × 10−4. BHBA, β-hydroxybutyrate; DHEA-S, dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate.
2
Mixed-effects linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, and Tanner stage (ln metabolite).