Table 4. Echocardiographic features to differentiate athlete’s heart from cardiomyopathies.
LV GLS: Left ventricle Global Longitudinal Strain.
| Hypertrophy
cardiomyopathy |
Athlete’s heart | |
|---|---|---|
|
LV end-diastolic
diameter |
≤ 45mm | > 54mm |
| LV volume/LV mass | Reduced | Normal |
| E´ mitral lateral annulus | Reduced | Normal or supranormal |
|
LV radial and
circumferential Strain |
Decreased | Normal or supranormal |
|
LV non compaction
cardiomiopathy |
Athlete’s heart | |
| Trabeculation location | Apical | Mid-cavity |
| E´mitral lateral annulus | Normal or reduced | Normal or supranormal |
|
LV GLS at rest
LV GLS during effort |
Normal or reduced
Reduced |
Normal or slightly reduced
Normal or supranormal |
|
Arrhythmogenic right
ventricular dysplasia |
Athlete’s heart | |
| RV enlargement | Early RVOT dilatation | Global |
| Motion abnormalities | Yes | No |
| Ratio RV/LV volumes | ≥ 1 | < 1 |