Table 1.
Results From the Multilevel Regressions of GSA Predictors and School Victimization on School-based Outcomes and Future Plans to Vote.
| Safety at school
|
School belongingness
|
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| Grade in school | .06 | .06 | .06 | .06 | .07 | .07 | .11** | .12*** | .11** | .11** | .12*** | .12** |
| Online format | −.20 | −.17 | −.20 | −.20 | −.20 | −.21 | −.08 | −.08 | −.10 | −.09 | −.09 | −.11 |
| Male | .19 | .21 | .19 | .20 | .21 | .19 | −.02 | .01 | −.02 | −.01 | .01 | −.02 |
| Transgender | −.01 | .06 | .01 | .01 | .06 | −.01 | −.09 | −.05 | −.10 | −.07 | −.05 | −.11 |
| Asian | .36 | .39 | .36 | .35 | .39 | .33 | .15 | .15 | .14 | .14 | .15 | .10 |
| Black | −.17 | −.17 | −.16 | −.17 | −.15 | −.17 | −.04 | .01 | .03 | −.05 | .01 | .02 |
| Latino | .02 | .05 | .03 | .02 | .09 | .04 | −.01 | −.01 | −.02 | −.01 | .01 | −.01 |
| Multiethnic | −.21 | −.21 | −.21 | −.21 | −.19 | −.21 | .01 | .02 | .01 | .02 | .03 | .01 |
| Victimization based on SO | −.18*** | −.18*** | −.19*** | −.18*** | −.01 | −.12 | .01 | .03 | .01 | .01 | .10 | .09 |
| GSA social justice | .01 | — | — | .01 | — | — | .20*** | — | — | .23*** | — | — |
| GSA presence | — | .17 | — | — | .17 | — | — | .35*** | — | — | .35*** | — |
| GSA membership | — | — | .03 | — | — | .01 | — | — | .27** | — | — | .25** |
| Vic. × GSA Social Justice | — | — | — | −.02 | — | — | — | — | — | −.09* | — | — |
| Vic. × GSA Presence | — | — | — | — | −.24* | — | — | — | — | — | −.10 | — |
| Vic. × GSA Membership | — | — | — | — | — | −.09 | — | — | — | — | — | −.11 |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Grade point average
|
Future plans to vote
|
|||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Grade in school | −.08 | −.08 | −.08 | −.08 | −.07 | −.08 | .05 | .05 | .05 | .05 | .05 | .05 |
| Online format | −.25 | −.24 | −.27 | −.25 | −.26 | −.27 | .01 | .03 | .02 | .01 | .05 | .03 |
| Male | .12 | .16 | .12 | .13 | .15 | .12 | −.05 | −.04 | −.05 | −.04 | −.04 | −.05 |
| Transgender | −.58 | −.52 | −.59 | −.57 | −.51 | −.60 | −.03 | .01 | −.01 | −.03 | .01 | .01 |
| Asian | .27 | .30 | .27 | .27 | .29 | .26 | −.15 | −.13 | −.13 | −.15 | −.12 | −.10 |
| Black | −.25 | −.19 | −.18 | −.26 | −.17 | −.18 | .13 | .13 | .13 | .13 | .11 | .14 |
| Latino | −.16 | −.16 | −.17 | −.16 | −.12 | −.16 | −.06 | −.05 | −.05 | −.06 | −.07 | −.05 |
| Multiethnic | .01 | .02 | .01 | .01 | .04 | .01 | −.09 | −.08 | −.09 | −.09 | −.10 | −.09 |
| Victimization based on SO | −.02 | −.01 | −.03 | −.03 | .19 | −.01 | −.01 | −.01 | −.01 | −.01 | −.15* | −.07 |
| GSA social justice | .20* | — | — | .22** | — | — | −.01 | — | — | −.01 | — | — |
| GSA presence | — | .37* | — | — | .36* | — | — | .08 | — | — | .09 | — |
| GSA membership | — | — | .28 | — | — | .28 | — | — | .07 | — | — | .09 |
| Vic. × GSA Social Justice | — | — | — | −.06 | — | — | — | — | — | −.01 | — | — |
| Vic. × GSA Presence | — | — | — | — | −.28* | — | — | — | — | — | .20* | — |
| Vic. × GSA Membership | — | — | — | — | — | −.02 | — | — | — | — | — | .08 |
Note: Unstandardized beta coefficients from multilevel regression analyses are shown; SO = sexual orientation; GSA = Gay-Straight Alliance; Vic. = victimization based on sexual orientation.
***
p < .001.
**
p < .01.
*
p < .05.