Table 1.
Baseline characteristics*
| All (n=1,082) |
Alcohol intake category
|
P-value** | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimal to none (n=645) |
Light-to-moderate (n=363) |
Heavy (n=74) |
|||
| Age, years | 65.2±8.7 | 64.9 ±8.7 | 65.4±8.5 | 66.8±9.0 | 0.189 |
| Female sex, % | 41 | 44 | 40 | 16 | <0.0001 |
| Race or ethnicity, % | |||||
| White | 81 | 79 | 84 | 89 | 0.086 |
| African-American | 14 | 17 | 12 | 4 | |
| Asian | 0.9 | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | |
| Native American | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0 | |
| More than one | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | |
| Hispanic | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0.139 |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1, L | 1.11±0.51 | 1.08±0.49 | 1.14±0.52 | 1.27±0.55 | 0.003 |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1 % | 39.6 ±15.7 | 39.1 ±15.5 | 40.2±16.1 | 41.3±15.4 | 0.357 |
| predicted FEV1/FVC, % | 42.6±12.8 | 42.9±12.9 | 41.7±12.7 | 44.4±12.4 | 0.163 |
| Smoking history, pack-years | 58.6±32.3 | 58.3±32.3 | 56.9±29.7 | 70.4±41.0 | 0.004 |
| Current smokers, % | 22 | 21 | 22 | 31 | 0.111 |
| Medication use, % | |||||
| ICS only | 5 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 0.256 |
| LAMA only | 7 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0.116 |
| LABA only | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0.416 |
| ICS + LABA | 20 | 20 | 20 | 27 | 0.322 |
| ICS + LAMA | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 0.939 |
| LABA + LAMA | 5 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 0.612 |
| ICS + LABA + LAMA | 48 | 46 | 49 | 50 | 0.648 |
| None | 9 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 0.518 |
| Oxygen use, % | 60 | 62 | 59 | 43 | 0.007 |
| Chronic bronchitis, % | 55 | 56 | 53 | 64 | 0.223 |
| SGRQ total (mean ± SD) | 50.6±16.5 | 52.0±16.5 | 48.6±16.7 | 48.1±14.2 | 0.003 |
| GERD, % | 43 | 44 | 43 | 38 | 0.612 |
| HAD anxiety scale | 5.4±3.7 | 5.6±3.9 | 5.2±3.6 | 4.5±3.3 | 0.019 |
| HAD depression scale | 4.9±0.2 | 5.1±3.3 | 4.6±3.0 | 4.5±3.0 | 0.030 |
| AECOPD previous year | 88 | 90 | 83 | 91 | 0.007 |
| Randomized to azithromycin/placebo | 50%/50% | 60%/59% | 33%/34% | 7%/7% | 0.660 |
Notes:
*
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or frequency (%).
**
P-values calculated by chi-square (categorical) and t-test (continuous).
Abbreviations: AECOPD, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; HAD, hospital anxiety and depression; LABA, long-acting β2 agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; SD, standard deviation.