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. 2015 Jul 20;10:1173–1187. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S86493

Figure 9.

Figure 9

The schematic diagram illustrates the possible cardioprotective pathways under oral B307 treatment.

Notes: Cardioprotection in R6/2 HD mice under B307 treatment may be promoted via attenuating oxidative stress (marked by increasing expression of SOD2), anti-apoptosis (marked by increasing expression of Bcl-2), reducing mHtt aggregation, oxidative stress (marked by reducing expressions of 3-NT and 4-HNE), inflammation (marked by reducing expression of TNF-α), ER stress-related apoptosis (marked by reducing expressions of calpain and caspase 12), and mitochondrial dysfunction-related apoptosis (marked by reducing expressions of Bax, Cyto-C, caspase 9, and caspase 3) in heart tissue.

Abbreviations: mHtt, mutant huntingtin; SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; 3-NT, neurotrophin-3; 4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Cyto-C, cytochrome C; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; WT, wild-type littermate controls; HD, Huntington’s disease.