Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the Dutch AMS-PAIN sample (n = 1085) and the US ACPA sample (n = 967).
| Dutch chronic pain sample | US chronic pain sample | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | ||
| Mean (SD) | 49 (13) | 48 (11) |
| Range | 21–85 | 21–86 |
| Gender n (%) | ||
| Male | 239 (22) | 182 (19) |
| Female | 846 (78) | 780 (81) |
| Country of birth n (%) | ||
| Netherlands | 621 (57) | - |
| Other | 464 (43) | - |
| Social status * n (%) | ||
| Single | 373 (34) | - |
| Married or living together | 578 (53) | - |
| Living apart together | 57 (5) | - |
| Living with parents | 24 (2) | - |
| Other | 61 (6) | - |
| Educational level n (%) | ||
| Less than High School degree | 188 (18) | 23 (3) ^^ |
| High School degree | 147 (15) | 157 (16) |
| Some college | 410 (41) | 452 (47) |
| College degree | 46 (5) | 214 (22) ^^ |
| Advanced degree | 218 (21) | 114 (12) ^^ |
| Employment status * n (%) | ||
| Full-time | 173 (16) | - |
| Part-time | 271 (25) | - |
| Student | 42 (4) | - |
| Unpaid, volunteer, household | 164 (15) | - |
| Retired | 88 (8) | - |
| Unemployed | 194 (18) | - |
| Other | 219 (20) | - |
| Social benefits * n (%) | ||
| Sick listed | 235 (22) | - |
| Disability benefit | 244 (19) | - |
| Unemployment benefit | 90 (8) | - |
| Other | 141 (13) | - |
| No social benefit | 381 (35) | - |
| Duration of pain n (%) | ||
| 3–6 months | 14 (1) | 15 (2) |
| 6–12 months | 32 (3) | 38 (4) |
| 1–2 years | 138 (13) | 65 (7) ^^ |
| 2–5 years | 316 (29) | 234 (25) |
| >5 years | 575 (54) | 577 (62) |
| Type of chronic pain condition * n (%) | ||
| Migraine and/or other ‘daily’ headache | 381 (35) | 209 (22)^^ |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 135 (12) | 59 (6)^^ |
| Osteoarthritis | 380 (35) | 195 (20)^^ |
| Pain related to cancer | 19 (2) | 8 (0.8)^ |
| Lower back pain | 775 (71) | 533 (55)^^ |
| Neck or shoulder pain | 760 (70) | 447 (46)^^ |
| Fibromyalgia | 378 (35) | 338 (35) |
| Chronic widespread pain | 508 (47) | - |
| Other neuropathic pain (nerve damage) | 222 (21) | 370 (38)^^ |
| Other | 491 (45) | 298 (31)^^ |
| No chronic pain condition | 6 (0.6) | 1 (0.1)^^ |
| T-score | ||
| Mean (SD) | 64.1 (6.8) | 68.6 (4.9) |
| Range | 40.1–84.0 | 53.0–90.0^^ |
| Legacy instruments mean (SD) | ||
| PROMIS Global Health Pain intensity (n = 1033) | 6.6 (2) | 6.6 (2) |
| NDI (n = 399) | 25 (9) | - |
| DASH (n = 390) | 46 (20) | - |
| RMDQ (n = 648) | 13 (6) | - |
| FIQ (n = 295) | 60 (18) | - |
PROMIS Global Health Pain Intensity (0–10); NDI = Neck Disability Index (0–50); DASH = Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (0–100); RMDQ = Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (0–24); FIQ = Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (0–100). Higher scores indicate more intensity, disability or impact
* multiple answers were allowed
^ p<0.05
^^p<0.001.