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. 2015 Aug;129(4):491–501. doi: 10.1037/bne0000072

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© 2015 The Author(s)

This article has been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s). Author(s) grant(s) the American Psychological Association the exclusive right to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.

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Differential reward for low rates of responding (DRL-15). (A) Mean (±standard error of the mean [SEM]) efficiency in DRL-15 training. Efficiency is computed as [number of rewards/number of lever presses]. Overall, all groups improved their efficiency at the same rate. (B) Interresponse time expressed as frequency of first lever press after reward delivery, in 3-s time bins. The shape of the response curves was equivalent in all three groups. (C) Mean (±SEM) efficiency during the very first block of DRL-15 training. Saporin lesioned rats were significantly less efficient than either the unoperated (un-op) or vehicle controls (* p < .05). (D) Mean (±SEM) efficiency following benzodiazepine (CDP) or saline injections. CDP impaired efficiency in all groups to an equivalent extent.