Table 2.

Markers of neurodevelopmental impairments in cases and controls

	Cases (n, %)	Controls (n, %)	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Childhood neurodevelopmental abnormalities	24 (70.6)	5 (13.4)	14.8 (4–60.9)	0.000*
Impaired motor development	1 (2.9)	3 (8.3)	0.3 (0.1–4.5)	0.3290
Impaired language development	9 (26.5)	5 (13.8)	2.2 (0.6–9.5)	0.1548
Delays in sphincter control	9 (26.5)	0 (0)	N/A	0.0008*
Impaired social development	11 (32.3)	0 (0)	N/A	0.0001*
Difficulties in school learning	14 (41.2)	4 (11)	5.6 (1.4–26.1)	0.0042*
IQ impairment	19 (57.6)	3 (8.3)	14.9 (3.4–87.3)	0.001*
Subtle motor impairment	12 (46.1)	7 (19.4)	3.5 (1.005–12.9)	0.0050*

Note:

^*P<0.05. Data are presented as number and percent of patients with presence of abnormalities in each neurodevelopmental area considered.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IQ, intelligence quotient; N/A, not applicable.