Table 2. Summary of the main results of each study that assessed the adequacy of food consumption in children.
| Author/Year | Results |
|---|---|
| Spinelli et al., 2003 16 | Adequacy of children aged 6 to 9 months, 9 to 12 months and 12 to 18 months |
| Energy (58.9%. 58.9% and 57.0%); | |
| PTN (145.9%. 158.3% and 189.6%); | |
| Vit A (92.2%. 98% and 95.1%); | |
| Vit C (118.1%. 114.0% and 111.8%); | |
| Iron (38.4%. 45.9% and 52.2%); | |
| Calcium (109.1%. 114.5% and 73.8%) | |
| Cavalcante et al., 2006 4 | Prevalence of inadequacy |
| Vit. C (96.6%) | |
| Vit. A (36.8%) | |
| Iron (13.2%) | |
| Zinc (99.4%) | |
| Barbosa et al., 2007 18 | Apparent intake adequacy |
| Moment 1: PTN (0.93%); Iron (0.63%); Vit C (0.59%); Calcium (0.57%); Fibers (0.10%); | |
| Moment 2: PTN (0.99%); Iron (0.86%); Vit C (0.91%); Calcium (0.70%);
Fibers (0.20%) | |
| Fidelis; Osório, 2007 3 | Prevalence of inadequacy |
| Energy: 49% (0 to 6 months); 41.4% (1 to 3 years); 55.2% (4 to 5 years); | |
| Vit. A: 44% (1 to 3 years); 59.5% (4 a 5 years); | |
| Iron: 65% (7 to 11 months); 23.7% (1 to 3 years); 22.4% (4 to 5 years); | |
| Zinc: 57.3% (7 to 11 months); 43.7% (1 to 3 years); 52.6% (4 to 5 years) | |
| Menezes; Osório, 2007 20 | Prevalence of Inadequacy |
| Energy: 49% (0 to 6 months); 26.5% (7 to 11 months); 41.4% (12 to 47 months); 55.2% (48 to 60 months); | |
| PTN: 6.0% (7 to 11 months); 4.4% (12 to 47 months); 6.9% (48 to 60 months) | |
| Alves et al., 2008 21 | Adequacy in relation to recommended amounts |
| Energy (47.9%); PTN (106.7%); LIP (56.7%); CHO (65.6%); Fibers (21.6%) | |
| Calcium (14.9%); Iron (36.4%); Sodium (167.6%) | |
| Antunes et al., 2010 13 | Prevalence of inadequacy in children on Food Security |
| Energy (28.3%); PTN (3.6%); CHO (24.4%); LIP (1.1%); Iron (33.6%) | |
| Prevalence of inadequacy in children on moderate and severe food
insecurity | |
| Energy (30.5%); PTN (8.9%); CHO (22.9%); LIP (7.0%); Iron (64.3%) | |
| Caetano et al., 2010 22 | Prevalence of inadequacy for children aged 6 to 12 months |
| Vit. B3 (53%); Vit E (47%); Vit A (38%); Zinc (75%); Iron (45%) | |
| Gomes; Costa; Schmitz, 2010 17 | Prevalence of inadequacy |
| Children aged 7 to 12 months → Iron (56.5%) | |
| Children aged ≤12 months → 100% higher consumption than AI for CHO. PTN. vitamins B1. B2. B12. B6 and zinc | |
| Children ≥12 months → Vit. E (53.2%) and Vit. B9 (90%) | |
| Martino et al., 2010 23 | Adequate energy intake: 78.4% (from 1 to 3 years); |
| Excess energy intake: 72.6 % and 74.1% (from 4 to 6 years); | |
| Adequacy from 1 to 3 years: Calcium (27.9%); Iron (150%); | |
| Adequacy from 4 to 6 years: Calcium (22.8%); Iron (146.3%) | |
| Silva et al., 2010 24 | Adequate energy intake: 84,4% (1 a 3 years); 95,2% (3 a 8 years); |
| Excess energy intake: 15.6% (1 to 3 years); 1.2% (3 to 8 years); | |
| Frequency of inadequacy (1 to 3 years) | |
| Vit A (>40%); Vit C (20%); Vit E (100%); Iron: (>40%); Zinc (>40%); | |
| Frequency of inadequacy(4 to 8 years) | |
| Vit A (>20%); Vit C (10%); Vit E (>30%); Iron (>40%); Zinc (>20%) | |
| Bernardi et al., 2011 5 | Prevalence of inadequacy Calcium: 33.7% and 32.2% (Public School and Private School) |
| Costa et al., 2011 14 | Prevalence of inadequacy from 7 to 11 months (Gameleira and São João
do Tigre) |
| Energy: 23.9% and 30.5%; | |
| PTN: 9.8% and 13.5%; | |
| Iron: 45.6% and 61.0%; | |
| Zinc: 31.3% and 36.3%; | |
| Prevalence of inadequacy from 12 to 23 months (Gameleira and São João do Tigre) | |
| Energy: 23.6% e 23.9%; | |
| Vit. C: 23.9% e 28.1%; | |
| Iron: 25.1% e 15.4%; | |
| Zinc: 23.3% e 25.8 | |
| Paiva-Bandeira et al., 2011 25 | Prevalence of inadequacy: |
| Vit C: 9.6% (4 to 8 years); 10% (9 to 10 years); | |
| Vit E: 41.7% (2 to 3 years); 59.6%(4 to 8 years); 75% (9 to 10 years) | |
| Tavares et al., 2012 15 | Prevalence of inadequacy |
| Energy: 40% > EER; Calcium: 27.6%; Vitamin D: 25.8% | |
| Vitamins A and C, zinc and sodium exceeded more than 70% UL | |
| Bueno et al., 2013 19 | Prevalence of inadequacy: |
| Public School: Iron (0.4%); Calcium (12.6%); Vit. D (93.6%) (2-3 years) | |
| Private School: Iron (<0.001%); Calcium (13.6%; Vit. D (92.3%) (2-3 years) | |
| Public School: Iron (<0.001%); Calcium (48.9%); Vit. D (90.9%) (4-6 years) | |
| Private School: Iron (<0.001%); Calcium (40.3%); Vit. D (94.1%) (4-6 years) |
Vit, vitamin; EER, Estimated Energy Requirement; EAR, Estimated Average Requirement; AI, Adequate Intake; CHO, carbohydrates; PTN, protein; LIP, lipid.