Clinical characteristics of Murphy Roths Large (MRL)/lpr mice with interleukin (IL)-35 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection. The results of each score system of the signs: (a) proteinuria, (b) leucocytuira, (c) lupus flare, (d) glomerulonephritis, (e) interstitial nephritis and (f) vessels infiltration are presented as bar charts with the arithmetic mean plus standard error of the mean (s.e.m.). *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001, PBS treatment versus IL-35 treatment; †P < 0·05, ††P < 0·01, †††P < 0·001, BALB/c control mice versus PBS-treated MRL/lpr mice; ‡P < 0·05, ‡‡‡P < 0·001, BALB/c control mice versus IL-35-treated MRL/lpr mice (n = 5 in each group).