Figure 3.
Curcumin and its analogues inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in J774A.1 macrophages. Macrophages were plated at a density of 1.2 × 106/plate for overnight in 37°C and 5% CO2. Cells were pretreated with curcumin or its analogues (10 μM) for 2 hrs, then treated with LPS (0.5 μg/ml) for 22 hrs. TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the culture media were measured by ELISA and were normalized to the total protein. The results are expressed as percentage of LPS control. Each bar represents mean ± S.E. of three to seven independent experiments.