Table 2.
Adjusted HRs for younger age at menarche for incident type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and metabolic syndrome: The CARDIA Study
| Age at Menarche | |||||
| 8–11 yrs | 12–13 yrs | 14–17 yrs | Continuous (per yr younger) | ||
| HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
p-race interaction |
|
| All Women | |||||
| Type 2 Diabetes | N=69 | N=159 | N=43 | N=271 | |
| Model 1 | 1.69 (1.16, 2.29) | 1.38 (0.99, 1.94) | REF | 1.10 (1.02, 1.17) | 0.20 |
| Model 2 | 1.61 (1.09, 2.37) | 1.35 (0.96, 1.89) | REF | 1.08 (1.00, 1.16) | 0.31 |
| Model 3 | 1.33 (0.90, 1.96) | 1.24 (0.88, 1.75) | REF | 1.04 (0.95, 1.12) | 0.37 |
| IFG | N=146 | N=355 | N=112 | N=613 | |
| Model 1 | 1.49 (1.16, 1.91) | 1.29 (1.05, 1.60) | REF | 1.11 (1.07, 1.16) | 0.08 |
| Model 2 | 1.50 (1.17, 1.94) | 1.31 (1.06, 1.62) | REF | 1.11 (1.06, 1.16) | 1.17 |
| Model 3 | 1.28 (0.99, 1.62) | 1.22 (0.98, 1.51) | REF | 1.08 (1.02, 1.13) | 0.05 |
| MetS | N=158 | N=368 | N=103 | N=629 | |
| Model 1 | 1.96 (1.54, 2.48) | 1.50 (1.22, 1.85) | REF | 1.15 (1.10, 1.20) | 0.0002 |
| Model 2 | 1.95 (1.53, 2.47) | 1.49 (1.20, 1.84) | REF | 1.15 (1.10, 1.19) | 0.0005 |
| Model 3 | 1.45 (1.14, 1.85) | 1.31 (1.06, 1.62) | REF | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) | <.0001 |
| African-American Women | |||||
| Type 2 Diabetes | N=48 | N=114 | N=31 | N=193 | |
| Model 1 | 1.50 (0.96, 2.36) | 1.33 (0.90, 1.98) | REF | 1.07 (0.97, 1.15) | |
| Model 2 | 1.47 (0.93, 2.33) | 1.29 (0.87, 1.93) | REF | 1.06 (0.96, 1.15) | |
| Model 3 | 1.28 (0.80, 2.04) | 1.28 (0.86, 1.92) | REF | 1.03 (0.92, 1.12) | |
| IFG | N=96 | N=182 | N=70 | N=348 | |
| Model 1 | 1.30 (0.96, 1.77) | 1.03 (0.78, 1.35) | REF | 1.08 (1.01, 1.14) | |
| Model 2 | 1.29 (0.94, 1.77) | 1.02 (0.77, 1.34) | REF | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14) | |
| Model 3 | 1.12 (0.81, 1.54) | 0.97 (0.73, 1.28) | REF | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) | |
| MetS | N=101 | N=212 | N=75 | N=388 | |
| Model 1 | 1.58 (1.18, 2.09) | 1.23 (0.95, 1.58) | REF | 1.09 (1.03, 1.14) | |
| Model 2 | 1.55 (1.17, 2.08) | 1.20 (0.93, 1.55) | REF | 1.09 (1.03, 1.15) | |
| Model 3 | 1.17 (0.87, 1.57) | 1.07 (0.83, 1.38) | REF | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | |
| White women | |||||
| Type 2 Diabetes | N=21 | N=45 | N=12 | N=78 | |
| Model 1 | 2.31 (1.13, 4.71) | 1.48 (0.78, 2.81) | REF | 1.17 (1.03, 1.29) | |
| Model 2 | 1.98 (0.96, 4.13) | 1.41 (0.74, 2.70) | REF | 1.12 (0.97, 1.24) | |
| Model 3 | 1.14 (0.53, 2.46) | 1.00 (0.51, 1.96) | REF | 1.00 (0.82, 1.15) | |
| IFG | N=50 | N=173 | N=42 | N=265 | |
| Model 1 | 1.79 (1.18, 2.69) | 1.75 (1.25, 2.46) | REF | 1.16 (1.09, 1.23) | |
| Model 2 | 1.84 (1.21, 2.80) | 1.89 (1.21, 2.66) | REF | 1.16 (1.08, 1.23) | |
| Model 3 | 1.52 (0.99, 2.33) | 1.63 (1.16, 2.31) | REF | 1.13 (1.04, 1.20) | |
| MetS | N=57 | N=156 | N=28 | N=241 | |
| Model 1 | 3.04 (1.97, 4.69) | 2.26 (1.53, 3.32) | REF | 1.26 (1.19, 1.32) | |
| Model 2 | 3.04 (1.96, 4.72) | 2.35 (1.59, 3.46) | REF | 1.25 (1.18, 1.32) | |
| Model 3 | 2.15 (1.36, 3.39) | 2.02 (1.37, 2.98) | REF | 1.19 (1.11, 1.26) | |
Notes:
Model 1 = age, center, and race adjusted.
Model 2 = Model 1+parental history of diabetes (Y/N), educational status (<HS, HS, >HS), pre-high school physical activity, high school physical activity, smoking status (current, former, never), oral contraceptive use (yes/no), physical activity level (METS), and alcohol intake (g/day).
Model 3 = Model 2+baseline BMI.
Diabetes models exclude women with diabetes at baseline.
IFG models exclude women with diabetes or IFG at baseline.
Metabolic syndrome models exclude women with diabetes or metabolic syndrome at baseline.