Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics According to Adiponectin Tertiles in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | p-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 32.9% (165) | 33.1% (166) | 33.9% (170) | N/A |
| Adiponectin range (µg/ml) | 0–16.1 | >16.1–<30.1 | >30.1–100 | N/A |
| Age (y) | 52.8 ± 14.5 | 56.6 ± 15.6 | 56.0 ± 14.6 | 0.6 |
| Dialysis vintage (y) | 2.9 (1.2, 5.3) | 3.6 (1.5, 7.3) | 3.9 (1.9, 7.1) | 0.007 |
| Female sex | 34.6% (57) | 48.2% (80) | 47.7% (81) | 0.02 |
| Black race | 45.5% (75) | 36.1% (60) | 38.2% (65) | 0.2 |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 38.2% (63) | 48.8% (81) | 48.8% (83) | 0.08 |
| Diabetes | 46.1% (76) | 48.8% (81) | 46.5% (79) | 0.9 |
| AVF/AVG | 50.9% (84) | 57.2% (95) | 46.5% (79) | 0.1 |
| Smoking | 35.2% (58) | 36.8% (61) | 36.5% (62) | >0.9 |
| Laboratory Tests | ||||
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 4.1 (3.9, 4.3) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.2) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.2) | 0.06 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 9.9 (8.0, 12.3) | 8.9 (7.2, 11.5) | 9.3 (7.6, 11.0) | 0.05 |
| Calcium2 (mg/dl) | 9.1 (8.7, 9.7) | 9.1 (8.7, 9.5) | 9.2 (8.8, 9.6) | 0.5 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dl) | 4.8 (4.2, 6.1) | 4.9 (4.0, 5.7) | 4.9 (4.1, 6.1) | 0.7 |
| PTH (pg/ml) | 369 (203, 557) | 346 (226, 549) | 352 (250, 575) | 0.8 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 10.0 (10.6, 11.2) | 10.8 (10.2, 11.3) | 10.7 (10.1, 11.3) | 0.4 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 229 (191, 271) | 226 (172, 275) | 198 (156, 234) | <0.001 |
| MPV (fL) | 9.5 (9.0, 10.3) | 9.8 (9.1, 10.6) | 9.9 (9.1, 10.8) | 0.2 |
| WBC count (×109/L) | 7.0 (5.8, 8.4) | 6.6 (5.5, 8.3) | 5.9 (4.5, 7.2) | <0.001 |
| TIBC (mcg/dl) | 224 (207, 251) | 221 (188, 253) | 213 (193, 242) | 0.08 |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 676 (422, 899) | 693 (416, 928) | 684 (463, 907) | 0.8 |
| nPCR (g/kg/day) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 0.4 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 135 (97, 199) | 142 (102, 196) | 128 (88, 189) | 0.8 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.2 (5.7, 7.0) | 6.2 (5.5, 7.2) | 6.0 (5.5, 7.3) | 0.8 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 146 (126, 166) | 128 (112, 170) | 144 (130, 177) | 0.3 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 34 (30, 42) | 39 (30, 49) | 45 (38, 56) | 0.003 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 76 (59, 91) | 61 (47, 74) | 66 (53, 104) | 0.1 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 164 (111, 265) | 115 (93, 171) | 101 (78, 141) | <0.001 |
| Body anthropometry | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 (25.5, 33.7) | 26.1 (23.2, 30.3) | 24.1 (21.9, 27.7) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 101 (91, 115) | 95 (84, 106) | 88.5 (81.25, 100) | <0.001 |
| Biceps SF (mm) | 12.1 (8.0, 22.3) | 11.1 (6.7, 19.7) | 10.3 (5.7, 17.0) | 0.04 |
| Triceps SF (mm) | 20.3 (12.7, 29.3) | 19.2 (12.7, 27.3) | 16.0 (9.0, 23.3) | 0.007 |
| NIR interactance body fat (%) | 30.3 (23.0, 39.0) | 29.6 (23.3, 38.0) | 23.4 (18.3, 34.4) | <0.001 |
| MAC (mm) | 325 (290, 360) | 302 (275, 335) | 285 (261, 317) | <0.001 |
| MAMC (mm) | 261 (228, 293) | 235 (215, 268) | 236 (212, 257) | <0.001 |
Note: Categorical variables are given as number (percentage); continuous variables, as mean ± standard deviation or median [IQR]. Conversion factors for units: calcium in mg/dL to mmol/L, ×0.2495; cholesterol in mg/dL to mmol/L, ×0.02586; creatinine in mg/dL to umol/L, ×88.4; glucose in mg/dL to mmol/L, ×0.05551; fibrinogen in mg/dL to µmol/L, ×0.0294; phosphorus in mg/dL to mmol/L, ×0.3229; triglycerides in mg/dL to mmol/L, ×0.01129.
P-value calculated by analysis of variance, chi-square, or Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Calcium level corrected for serum albumin.
Abbreviations: AVF, arteriovenous fistula; AVG, arteriovenous graft; BMI, body mass index; PTH, parathyroid hormone; MAC, midarm circumference; MAMC, midarm muscle circumference; MPV, mean platelet volume; WBC, white blood cell; TIBC, total iron-binding capacity; nPCR, normalized protein catabolic rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; triglyceride; SF, skinfold; N/A, not applicable; NIR, near-infrared