. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2015 Jun 15;51(8):1086–1097. doi: 10.1037/dev0000026

Table 4.

Significant Group Differences in Relations among Race/Ethnic Marginalization, Socioemotional Distress, and Substance Use across Student Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Age

Moderator	Path	Group Differences	Standardized Coefficient Estimates by Group
Gender		Wald df	Boys	Girls
	School Attachment → Depressive Symptoms	7.87 (1) ^**	−.25 ^***	−.27 ^***
	Depressive Symptoms → Marijuana Use	9.21 (1) ^**	.01	.09 ^***
	Depressive Symptoms → Marijuana Use Never vs. Initiated ^a	6.50 (1) ^*	−.02	−.06 ^***
	School Attachment → Alcohol Use	5.76 (1) ^*	−.04 ^*	.01
Race/Ethnicity		Wald df	Latino	African American	White
	Depressive Symptoms → Marijuana Use	8.28 (2) ^*	.02	.02	.07 ^***
	Marginalization → Alcohol Use Never vs. Initiated ^a	7.27 (2) ^*	−.11	−.51 ^*	.54
Age			Younger ^b	Older ^b
	Marginalization → Depressive Symptoms	.02 ^*	−.34 ^**	.01
	Depressive Symptoms → Marijuana Use Both vs. Initiated ^a	−2.13 ^**	.62 ^***	−.03

Note: All model paths tested, but only paths with significant group differences are included.

^***

p < .001,

^**

p < .01,

p < .05.

Coefficient estimates are unstandardized because the endogenous variables are categorical.

Younger students were one standard deviation or more below the average age; older students were one standard deviation or more above the average age.