Table 3.
Multivariable Associations between Logarithmic of Serum Cotinine Levels and Children’s Neuromotor Performance
| Neuromotor Outcomes | Explanatory Variables | β ( 95% CI) | P | Adj. R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dominant hand HRFOT | Serum cotinine | −0.19 (−0.54, 0.14) | 0.25 | |
| Age | 2.52 (1.81, 3.24) | <0.0001 | ||
| Gendera | 1.61 (0.30, 2.92) | 0.02 | 0.18 | |
| BPb | −1.50 (−3.03, 0.03) | 0.05 | ||
| Hair Mn | −0.49 (−1.27, 0.28) | 0.21 | ||
| Non-dominant hand HRFOT | Serum cotinine | −0.26 (−0.57, 0.04) | 0.09 | |
| Age | 2.57 (2.00, 3.13) | <0.0001 | ||
| Gender | 2.86 (1.83, 3.89) | <0.0001 | ||
| Barratt’s Education | 0.12 (−0.11, 0.36) | 0.30 | 0.31 | |
| BPb | −1.97 (−3.16, −0.77) | 0.003 | ||
| BMn (Linear) | 35.29 (4.14, 66.44) | 0.02 | ||
| BMn (Quadratic) | −7.87 (−15.09, −1.19) | 0.02 | ||
| Dominant hand PGPT | Serum cotinine | 0.41 (−0.15, 0.97) | 0.15 | |
| Age | −4.17 (−5.22, −3.13) | <0.0001 | ||
| BMI | 0.32 (0.05, 0.60) | 0.02 | 0.21 | |
| Barratt’s Education | −0.33 (−0.77, 0.11) | 0.14 | ||
| BMn (Linear) | 0.78 (−3.10, 4.66) | 0.69 | ||
| HMn (Linear) | 0.24 (−0.84, 1.32) | 0.65 | ||
| Non-dominant hand PGPT | Serum cotinine | 0.71 (0.16, 1.26) | 0.01 | |
| Age | −3.95 (−5.01, −2.90) | <0.0001 | ||
| Barratt’s Education | −0.34 (−0.79, 0.10) | 0.13 | 0.19 | |
| BMn (Linear) | 2.90 (−1.11, 6.91) | 0.16 | ||
| BOT-2, Total Motor Composite Score | Serum cotinine | −0.64 (−1.13, −0.16) | 0.009 | |
| BMI | −0.44 (−0.69, −0.20) | 0.003 | ||
| Barratt’s Education | 0.33 (−0.05, 0.71) | 0.09 | ||
| BPb | 1.18 (−0.71, 3.07) | 0.22 | 0.15 | |
| Blood Mn (Linear) | 69.61 (20.80, 118.43) | 0.005 | ||
| Blood Mn (Quadratic) | −15.63 (−26.41, −4.85) | 0.004 |
a
Gender: Reference group is female.
HRFOT: Halstead-Reitan Finger Oscillation Test.
PGPT: Purdue Grooved Pegboard Test – Kiddie version.
BOT-2: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2 -Short form