Table 3.
Multilevel Regression Models Predicting Weekly Expression of Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioral Correlates of BPD from Weekly Deviations from Ovarian Hormone Person Means and their Interactions with Trait BPD Features
| Outcome (Scale) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | PANAS Negative Affect (0–3) |
PANAS Positive Affect (0–3) |
SSES Social Rejection (1–5) |
RRQ General Rumination (1–5) |
ARS Anger Rumination‡ (0–3) |
UPPS-P Negative Urgency‡ (1–4) |
UPPS-P Positive Urgency (1–4) |
UPPS-P Lack of Premeditation (1–4) |
UPPS-P Lack of Perseverance (1–4) |
UPPS-P Sensation Seeking (1–4) |
| Fixed Effects | ||||||||||
| Intercept | .76** (.03) | 1.71** (.08) | 1.38** (.10) | 2.61** (.11) | .79** (.07) | 1.71** (.05) | 1.85** (.06) | 1.85** (.07) | 1.86** (.07) | 2.23** (.09) |
| Trait BPD | .38** (.03) | −.16** (.03) | .38** (.09) | .47** (.11) | .58** (.07) | .51** (.05) | .22** (.05) | .24* (.07) | .23* (.07) | .12 (.07) |
| Current E2DEV | −.10 (.06) | −.01 (.03) | −.04 (.04) | −.12 (.06) | −.20 (.16) | −.08 (.04) | −.08 (.05) | −.04 (.03) | −.17 (.09) | −.02 (.04) |
| Current P4DEV | −.01 (.02) | −.004 (.002) | .04 (.04) | .03 (.06) | .04 (.04) | .0004 (.03) | −.02 (.03) | −.006 (.03) | .01 (.03) | −.05 (.03) |
| E2DEV × P4DEV | .01 (.02) | .07 (.04) | −.03 (.05) | −.05 (.08) | −.10 (.06) | −.03 (.06) | −.07 (.04) | −.09 (.04) | −.05 (.05) | .01 (.05) |
| Trait BPD × E2DEV | −.19** (.05) | .02 (.03) | −.13 (.06) | −.23** (.07) | −.10 (.07) | −.29 (.17) | −.17 (.09) | −.15 (.09) | −.19** (.04) | .03 (.04) |
| Trait BPD × P4DEV | −.02 (.02) | .02 (.02) | .002 (.03) | −.11 (.06) | −.23 (.15) | −.03 (.03) | −.01 (.03) | .03 (.03) | −.02 (.03) | −.007 (.04) |
| Trait BPD × E2DEV × P4DEV | −.01 (.04) | .14** (.04) | −.23** (.05) | −.06 (.09) | −.49** (.09) | −.53** (.05) | −.23** (.07) | −.17** (.05) | −.03 (.06) | .10 (.06) |
| Random Parameters | ||||||||||
| Intercept | .03** (.007) | .25** (.06) | .47** (.12) | .35** (.10) | .18** (.05) | .07** (.02) | .15* (.05) | .21** (.05) | .18** (.04) | .38** (.09) |
| E2DEV | .003 (.002) | .001 (.002) | .08 (.07) | .002 (.001) | .03 (.03) | .005 (.003) | .003 (.002) | .008 (.01) | .005 (.003) | .03 (.03) |
| P4DEV | .002 (.001) | .002 (.001) | .03 (.04) | .004 (.01) | .01 (.008) | .004 (.002) | .01 (.009) | .02 (.01) | .03 (.002) | .02 (.02) |
| Residual | .11** (.01) | .10** (.01) | .18** (.02) | .47** (.06) | .25** (.03) | .14** (.01) | .12** (.01) | .13** (.02) | .16** (.02) | .15** (.02) |
| −2 Log Likelihood | 160.9† | 148.6† | 271.3† | 398.0† | 261.2† | 144.5† | 189.6† | 201.9† | 215.4† | 209.2† |
Note. Standard errors are in parentheses.
p < .01.
p < .001.
Trait PAI-BOR Total is z-scored.
Significant fixed effects are shown in bold.
Change in −2 Log likelihood over a null model (a model with no predictors) is significant at p < .001.
E2DEV and P4DEV represent current deviations from one’s mean hormone levels (i.e., person’s hormone level this week – person’s average hormone level across 4 weeks).
PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Scale. SSES = State Self-Esteem Scale – Social Evaluation scale; scored such that higher scores indicate greater felt rejection. RRQ = Rumination Reflection Questionnaire. ARS = Anger Rumination Scale. UPPS-P = UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale.
Trait PAI-BOR total refers to a participant’s average score on the PAI-BOR total across all four weeks of measurement. All analyses here were performed on a square root transformation of the outcome variable. All coefficients and standard errors shown in this table have been squared so that they can be interpreted with respect to the original response scale. All outcomes were scored as means; therefore, coefficients represent change in average item response per one unit change in the predictor.