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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Feb 26;66(2):196–205. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.12.016

Figure 1. Changes in bone and mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease.

Figure 1

Reduced functional kidney mass leads to phosphate retention and decreased activation of vitamin D, thus resulting in hyperphosphatemia, reduced intestinal calcium absorption, and hypocalcemia. Changes in phosphorous, calcium, and vitamin D, as well as decreased kidney responsiveness, contribute to increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) secretion.