Table 1.
Master list and summary of included studies grouped by treatment type and sorted in ascending year of publication
| Reference(s) | Intervention | Sample Studied (mean age - yrs, pct female, baseline BMI kg/m2) |
Adjusted Daily Dose(s) (kcal: treatment - control) |
Study Duration (weeks) |
Intervention Notes | N Randomized, Completed, Analyzed |
Method of Missing Data Handling |
Overall Mean Compliance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Johnstone, AM, et al. 2008 (22) | Diet | 38, 0%, 35.1 | −167.2 | 4 | High protein, ketogenic diet | 20, 17, 17 | completers | 100 |
| Das SK, et al., 2009 (23) | Diet | 35, 76.3%, 27.6 | −285.6 | 26 | Caloric restriction | 46, 39, 39 | completers | 100 |
| Zachwieja JJ, et al., 2001 (24) | Diet and exercise | 24, 45.8%, 24.1 | −675 | 2 | Caloric restriction and daily treadmill exercise | 24, 24, 24 | no drops | 90 |
| Moreira EA, et al., 2011 (25) | Diet and exercise (separate treatments) | 49, 68, 30 | −556.0, −753.3 | 11 | 25% caloric restriction (controlled feeding) vs. aerobic exercise (individualized and supervised sessions 3×/week) | 36, 35, 36 | ITT | 99 |
| Leon AS, et al., 1996 (26) | Exercise | 32.6, 0%, 26 | −245.6 | 12 | Walking and stair climbing | 22, 16, 16 | completers | 86 |
| Van Etten LMLA, et al., 1997 (27) | Exercise | 33.7, 0%, 23.7 | −31.6 | 18 | Weight training | 26, 26, 26 | completers | 95 |
| Murphy MH, et al., 1998 (28) | Exercise | 44.4, 100%, 25.76 | −81.6, −84.5 | 10 | Long versus short bouts of walking | 47, 34, 34 | completers | 86.5 |
| Crandall KJ, 1999 (21) | Exercise | 51.75, 44, 30.8 | −76.7 | 12 | Recumbent cycle ergometer | 13, 13, 13 | no drops | 100 |
| Shaw I & Shaw BS, 2006 (29) | Exercise | 41, 92%, 32.6 | −13.7 | 8 | Resistance training | 28, 28, 28 | completers | 91.1 |
| Kirk EP, et al., 2007 (30) | Exercise | 20.6, 0%, 28.2 | −104.7 | 24 | High-intensity resistance training | 25, 19, 19 | completers | 96 |
| Whybrow S, et al., 2008 (31) | Exercise | 27.2, 50%, 23.6 | −455.6, −513.6, −907.1 | 2 | Progressive exercise on cycle ergometer or treadmill | 12, 12, 12 | no drops | 100 |
| Guadalupe-Grau A, et al., 2009 (32) | Exercise | 23.7, 65.2%, 23.03 | −51.7 | 9 | Strength training and plyometric jumps | 88, 72, 66 | completers | 85 |
| Alves JG, et al., 2009 (33) | Exercise | 38.2, 100%, 30 | −106.1 | 26 | Group exercises | 156, 146, 156 | ITT, BOCF | 96 |
| Turner JE, et al., 2010 (34) | Exercise | 54,0%, 28 | −187.3 | 24 | Structured exercise | 54, 41, 29 | completers | 94 |
| Bell GJ, et al., 2010 (35) | Exercise | 49, 100%, 34.7 | −399.0, −395.1 | 24 | Pedometer based walking program | 211, 128, 128 | completers | 84.77 |
| Vispute SS, et al., 2011 (36) | Exercise | 23.66, 41.7%, 24.6 | −41.9 | 6 | Abdominal exercises | 24, 24, 24 | no drops | 95.71 |
| Hornbuckle LM, et al., 2012 (37) | Exercise | 28.5, 0%, 25.42 | −57.7 | 12 | Resistance training | 44, 32, 44 | ITT | 96 |
| Heydari M, et al., 2012 (38) | Exercise | 37.7, 56.3%, 27.8 | −186.4 | 12 | High-intensity intermittent exercise | 46, 38, 38 | completers | 100 |
| Thompson AM, et al., 2008 (39) Church, T. S., et al., 2010 (40) | Exercise | 49.7, 72.8%, 31.8 | −174.8 | 16 | Supervised aerobic exercise | 162, 137, 162 | ITT | 91 |
| Addington EA, 1998 (20) | Feeding | 38.74, 63.8%, 32.09 | 2.9 (aspartame group), 142.9 (SSB group) | 4 | Artificially sweetened beverage (aspartame) versus Sugar Sweetened Beverage (SSB) | 150, 111, 111 | completers | 100 |
| Lammert, O., et al., 2000 (41) | Feeding | 22.4,0%, 22.61 | 191 | 3 | Overfeeding carbohydrate or fat | 20, 20, 20 | no drops | 100 |
| Martin A, et al., 2000 (42) | Feeding | 37.7, 56.3%, 27.8 | 597.1 | 2 | Low versus high calorie breakfast | 10, 10, 10 | no drops | 100 |
| SabateJ, et al., 2005 (43) | Feeding | 42.6, 45.2%, 23.7 | 219 | 26 | Walnuts | 90, 90, 90 | no drops | 95 |
| Whybrow S, et al., 2006 (44) | Feeding | 60, 26.7%, 27.7 | 122.8, 227.5 | 8 | Added fruits and vegetables | 90, 62, 62 | completers | 92.6 |
| Whybrow S, et al., 2007 (45) | Feeding | 35.05, 50%, 25.35 | 343.9, 687.9 | 2 | Added snacks | 100, 87, 72 | completers | 96 |
| Sheridan MJ, et al., 2007 (46) | Feeding | 24.9, 0%, 28.7 | 314.8 | 4 | Pistachio nuts | 15, 15, 15 | no drops | 99 |
| Casas-Agustench P, et al., 2011 (47) | Feeding | 54.4, 56.3%, 26.5 | 176.9 | 12 | Mixed nuts | 52, 50, 50 | completers | 94 |
| Maersk M, et al., 2012 (48) | Feeding | 28, 0%, 22.2 | 3.1, 365.2, 385.5 | 26 | 1 liter per day of diet soda, SSB or milk versus water | 60, 47, 47 | completers | 85 |
ITT = Intention to Treat analysis reported
BOCF = Baseline Observation Carried Forward