Table 5. Independent correlates of viral infections (HBV and HPV).
| Risk factors | HBV | HPV | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive n = 82 N (%) | Negative n = 572 N (%) | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI)A | Positive n = 218 N (%) | Negative n = 436 N (%) | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI)A | |
| City in Vietnam | ||||||||
| Hanoi | 33 (15.2) | 184 (84.8) | 1.0 | 42 (19.4) | 175 (80.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| HCMC | 30 (10.5) | 256 (89.5) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.6) | 169 (59.1) | 117 (40.9) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3)*** | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3)*** | |
| Nha Trang | 19 (12.6) | 132 (87.4) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.3) | 7 (4.6) | 144 (95.4) | 4.9 (2.2, 11.3)*** | 5.6 (2.4, 13.2)*** | |
| Age <21 years | ||||||||
| Yes | 26 (10.1) | 232 (89.9) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) | 75 (29.1) | 183 (70.9) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | |
| No | 56 (14.1) | 340 (85.9) | 143 (36.1) | 253 (63.9) | ||||
| Lower income (Vietnam Dong) | ||||||||
| <3 875 000 (median) | 44 (13.5) | 283 (86.5) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.9) | 99 (30.3) | 228 (69.7) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) | ||
| ≥3 875 000 | 38 (11.6) | 289 (88.4) | 119 (36.4) | 208 (63.6) | ||||
| Homeless | 14 (18.0) | 64 (82.0) | 1.6 (0.9,3.1) | 25 (32.1) | 53 (67.9) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.6) | ||
| (30 days) | 68 (11.8) | 508 (88.2) | 193 (33.5) | 383 (66.5) | ||||
| Sex with elective | 18 (15.1) | 101 (84.9) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.3) | 59 (49.6) | 60 (50.4) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.5)*** | 2.3 (1.3, 4.0)** | |
| men partners (30 days) | 64 (12.0) | 471 (88.0) | 159 (29.7) | 376 (70.3) | ||||
| Sex with women | 38 (12.4) | 268 (87.6) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 88 (28.8) | 218 (71.2) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | ||
| (30 days) | 44 (12.6) | 304 (87.4) | 130 (37.4) | 218 (62.6) | ||||
| Foreign sex | 19 (11.0) | 153 (89.0) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 57 (33.1) | 115 (66.9) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | ||
| client (30 days) | 63 (13.1) | 419 (86.9) | 161 (33.4) | 321 (66.6) | ||||
| Ampetamine use | 14 (12.0) | 103 (88.0) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 60 (51.3) | 57 (48.7) | 2.5 (1.7, 3.8)*** | ||
| (30 days) | 68 (12.7) | 469 (87.3) | 158 (29.4) | 379 (70.6) | ||||
| HIV+ | ||||||||
| Yes | 4 (13.8) | 25 (86.2) | 1.1 (0.4, 3.3) | 13 (44.8) | 16 (55.2) | 1.7 (0.8, 3.5) | ||
| No | 78 (12.5) | 547 (87.5) | 205 (32.8) | 420 (67.2) | ||||
| Mean no. of sex | 8.2 | 9.7 | t=0.87 | 12.1 | 8.3 | t=−2.85 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0)*** | |
| Work clients (30 days) | P=0.39 | P=0.005** |
Bold numbers represent statistical significance below <0.05; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HPV, human papillomavirus; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City
**
P<0.01
***
P<0.001.
A
Age and city forced into all logistic regression models.