TABLE 3.
Overall and sex-stratified adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for cutaneous melanoma by level of adherence to dietary pattern scores from a case-control study of diet and melanoma in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy1
| Score categories |
||||||
| Dietary patterns | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | OR (95% CI)2 | P-trend3 |
| All subjects (380 cases and 719 controls) | ||||||
| HEI-2010 | 0.03 | |||||
| Score | <40 | 40–59 | 60–79 | ≥80 | ||
| Cases/controls | 37/71 | 178/295 | 145/307 | 20/46 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.74, 1.92) | 0.87 (0.54, 1.41) | 0.85 (0.42, 1.74) | 0.91 (0.83, 1.01) | |
| DASH | 0.03 | |||||
| Score | <20 | 20–24 | 25–29 | ≥30 | ||
| Cases/controls | 89/152 | 154/249 | 93/233 | 44/85 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.71, 1.45) | 0.68 (0.46, 1.00) | 0.70 (0.42, 1.16) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.98) | |
| GMI | 0.34 | |||||
| Score | 0–2 | 3–4 | 5–6 | 7–9 | ||
| Cases/controls | 61/102 | 140/250 | 128/282 | 51/85 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.54, 1.23) | 0.66 (0.43, 1.01) | 0.86 (0.52, 1.45) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | |
| IMI | 0.38 | |||||
| Score | 0–2 | 3–4 | 5–6 | 7–10 | ||
| Cases/controls | 76/159 | 157/263 | 117/222 | 30/75 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.26 (0.88, 1.80) | 1.13 (0.77, 1.65) | 0.76 (0.44, 1.32) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) | |
| Men (175 cases and 319 controls) | ||||||
| HEI-2010 | 0.31 | |||||
| Score | <40 | 40–59 | 60–79 | ≥80 | ||
| Cases/controls | 22/40 | 86/142 | 60/126 | 7/11 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.57, 2.08) | 0.81 (0.41, 1.59) | 1.26 (0.39, 4.03) | 0.95 (0.82, 1.11) | |
| DASH | 0.42 | |||||
| Score | <20 | 20–24 | 25–29 | ≥30 | ||
| Cases/controls | 42/85 | 79/116 | 35/85 | 19/33 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.38 (0.80, 2.38) | 0.86 (0.46, 1.62) | 0.88 (0.40, 1.93) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.07) | |
| GMI | 0.81 | |||||
| Score | 0–2 | 3–4 | 5–6 | 7–9 | ||
| Cases/controls | 20/42 | 63/110 | 67/119 | 25/48 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.49, 1.98) | 0.99 (0.49, 1.98) | 0.93 (0.41, 2.10) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.12) | |
| IMI | 0.43 | |||||
| Score | 0–2 | 3–4 | 5–6 | 7–10 | ||
| Cases/controls | 38/79 | 66/106 | 58/99 | 13/35 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.38 (0.79, 2.40) | 1.16 (0.66, 2.05) | 0.65 (0.28, 1.50) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) | |
| Women (205 cases and 400 controls) | ||||||
| HEI-2010 | 0.10 | |||||
| Score | <40 | 40–59 | 60–79 | ≥80 | ||
| Cases/controls | 15/31 | 92/153 | 85/181 | 13/35 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.49 (0.70, 3.17) | 1.08 (0.51, 2.26) | 0.90 (0.34, 2.39) | 0.90 (0.79, 1.02) | |
| DASH | 0.04 | |||||
| Score | <20 | 20–24 | 25–29 | ≥30 | ||
| Cases/controls | 47/67 | 75/133 | 58/148 | 25/52 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.46, 1.25) | 0.57 (0.35, 0.95) | 0.58 (0.30, 1.13) | 0.88 (0.79, 0.88) | |
| GMI | 0.23 | |||||
| Score | 0–2 | 3–4 | 5–6 | 7–9 | ||
| Cases/controls | 41/60 | 77/140 | 61/163 | 26/37 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.44, 1.25) | 0.49 (0.28, 0.86) | 0.93 (0.46, 1.86) | 0.94 (0.985, 1.05) | |
| IMI | 0.73 | |||||
| Score | 0–2 | 3–4 | 5–6 | 7–10 | ||
| Cases/controls | 38/80 | 91/157 | 59/123 | 17/40 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.25 (0.77, 2.03) | 1.14 (0.67, 1.93) | 0.92 (0.44, 1.93) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.09) | |
1
ORs adjusted for phototype, BMI, nonalcoholic energy intake, sunburn history, skin sun reaction, and education. DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; GMI, Greek Mediterranean Index; HEI-2010, Healthy Eating Index 2010; IMI, Italian Mediterranean Index.
2
Adjusted OR for melanoma for 10-point increase in HEI-2010, 3-point increase in DASH, and 1-point increase GMI and IMI pattern scores.
3
P value for linear trend with the use of continuous values of dietary index score in conditional logistic regression models.