TABLE 2.
Cross-sectional association of food insecurity and child anthropometry at ages 5 y and 8 y, Young Lives younger cohort1
| Ethiopia (n = 1757) |
India (n = 1825) |
Peru (n = 1844) |
Vietnam (n = 1828) |
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| Dependent variable | Age and sex-adjusted | Fully adjusted2 | Age and sex-adjusted | Fully adjusted2 | Age and sex-adjusted | Fully adjusted2 | Age and sex-adjusted | Fully adjusted2 |
| Age 5 y | ||||||||
| HAZ | −0.33*** (−0.48, −0.19) | −0.21** (−0.35, −0.07) | −0.53***(−0.69, −0.38) | −0.32*** (−0.47, −0.17) | −0.31*** (−0.45, −0.18) | −0.14** (−0.24, −0.03) | −0.68*** (−0.98, −0.39) | −0.27** (−0.43, −0.10) |
| BMI-Z | −0.02 (−0.19, 0.15) | −0.02 (−0.20, 0.16) | −0.02 (−0.19, 0.14) | −0.01 (−0.18, 0.15) | −0.07 (−0.16, 0.02) | −0.06 (−0.15, 0.04) | −0.15 (−0.40, 0.10) | −0.13* (−0.26, −0.002) |
| Age 8 y | ||||||||
| HAZ | −0.06 (−0.16, 0.03) | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.03) | −0.21* (−0.34, −0.09) | −0.05 (−0.16, 0.06) | −0.27*** (−0.35, −0.17) | −0.07 (−0.14, 0.01) | −0.40*** (−0.57, −0.23) | −0.17* (−0.26, −0.09) |
| BMI-Z | −0.07 (−0.17, 0.03) | −0.05 (−0.16, 0.05) | −0.03 (−0.15, 0.10) | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.18) | −0.19* (−0.30, −0.07) | −0.09 (−0.18, 0.01) | −0.34** (−0.57, −0.11) | −0.20* (−0.32, −0.08) |
1
Values are z scores (95% CIs) and represent the difference in anthropometry between children from food-insecure households and children from food-secure households. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. BMI-Z, body mass index–for-age z score; HAZ, height-for-age z score.
2
Adjusted for rural residence, community wealth, whether the household was interviewed in a food-scarce month, maternal age, maternal height, maternal education, paternal education, and child age and sex.