TABLE 1.

Factor and DASH adherence scores according to select maternal characteristics in 3143 pregnant women in the PIN study, 1996–2005¹

	n	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4	DASH
Age, y
<25	1056	−0.30 ± 0.66	0.30 ± 0.79	0.08 ± 0.78	−0.09 ± 0.77	22 ± 4
25–29	884	0.06 ± 0.79	−0.09 ± 0.82	−0.10 ± 0.08	0.07 ± 0.86	25 ± 5
30–34	814	0.28 ± 0.78	−0.29 ± 0.79	−0.14 ± 0.77	0.09 ± 0.87	26 ± 5
≥35	389	0.42 ± 0.75	−0.36 ± 0.80	−0.16 ± 0.79	0.12 ± 0.84	27 ± 5
P		<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Race
Nonblack	2256	0.15 ± 0.79	−0.15 ± 0.84	−0.29 ± 0.68	0.14 ± 0.84	25 ± 5
Black	887	−0.24 ± 0.72	0.24 ± 0.78	0.54 ± 0.74	−0.26 ± 0.74	22 ± 5
P		<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Education, y
Less than high school	389	−0.41 ± 0.64	0.36 ± 0.73	0.16 ± 0.73	−0.21 ± 0.74	21 ± 4
High school	713	−0.25 ± 0.68	0.26 ± 0.82	0.15 ± 0.80	−0.09 ± 0.80	22 ± 4
More than high school	2041	0.22 ± 0.79	−0.23 ± 0.81	−0.18 ± 0.78	0.11 ± 0.85	26 ± 5
P		<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Federal poverty level
<185%	1295	−0.21 ± 0.71	0.29 ± 0.77	0.14 ± 0.78	−0.20 ± 0.75	23 ± 5
185–350%	634	0.01 ± 0.79	0.00 ± 0.85	0.01 ± 0.86	0.07 ± 0.87	24 ± 5
>350%	1214	0.32 ± 0.78	−0.42 ± 0.75	−0.31 ± 0.70	0.24 ± 0.84	26 ± 4
P		<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2
<18.5	152	0.01 ± 0.79	0.19 ± 0.88	0.01 ± 0.73	0.03 ± 0.84	24 ± 5
18.5–24.9	1707	0.17 ± 0.81	−0.15 ± 0.83	−0.17 ± 0.77	0.07 ± 0.84	25 ± 5
25.0–29.9	607	−0.08 ± 0.74	0.01 ± 0.83	0.02 ± 0.81	0.03 ± 0.82	24 ± 5
≥30.0	677	−0.18 ± 0.72	0.13 ± 0.84	0.13 ± 0.81	−0.08 ± 0.84	23 ± 5
P		<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Marital status
Married	2005	0.20 ± 0.79	−0.22 ± 0.81	−0.22 ± 0.75	0.11 ± 0.85	25 ± 5
Unmarried	1138	−0.24 ± 0.70	0.27 ± 0.80	0.22 ± 0.79	−0.13 ± 0.79	22 ± 5
P		<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Parity
Nulliparous	1593	0.10 ± 0.79	−0.10 ± 0.83	−0.15 ± 0.76	0.04 ± 0.82	25 ± 5
Parous	1550	−0.02 ± 0.79	0.02 ± 0.85	0.03 ± 0.81	0.01 ± 0.85	24 ± 5
P		<0.01	<0.01	< 0.01	0.43	<0.01
Smoking status
Nonsmoker	2537	0.11 ± 0.79	−0.12 ± 0.83	−0.09 ± 0.79	0.04 ± 0.84	25 ± 5
Smoker	606	−0.25 ± 0.69	0.28 ± 0.80	0.05 ± 0.80	−0.01 ± 0.80	22 ± 5
P		<0.01	<0.01	< 0.01	0.20	<0.01

¹Values are means ± SDs unless otherwise indicated. Higher scores indicate greater dietary pattern adherence. Mean factor and adherence scores were not adjusted for confounders. Factor 1 includes high factor loadings for fruits, tomatoes, broccoli, spinach, carrots, green salads, sweet potatoes, low-fat milk, yogurt, high-fiber and highly fortified cereals, nonfried chicken and fish, and wheat bread. Factor 2 includes high factor loadings for beans, corn, French fries, hamburgers or cheeseburgers, white potatoes, fried chicken, spaghetti dishes, cheese dishes such as macaroni and cheese, cornbread or hushpuppies, processed meats, biscuits, and ice cream. Factor 3 includes high factor loadings for collard greens, coleslaw or cabbage, red meats, fried chicken and fish, processed meats, cornbread or hushpuppies, eggs or egg biscuits, gravy, whole milk, and vitamin C–rich drinks. Factor 4 includes high factor loadings for shellfish, pizza, salty snacks, candies, pancakes, tacos or burritos, and cakes or cookies. P values <0.05 were considered significant. DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; PIN, Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition.