Table 2.

DNA damage in male rats following treatment with N-nitrosodimethylamine.^a

Dose (mg/kg/day)	% Tail DNA		Tail length (μ)	OTM	# Hedgehogs
	Mean	p-value	Mean	Mean	Mean
Liver
0	0.1 ± 0.01	–	29.2 ± 0.89	0.0 ± 0.00	1.0 ± 1.00
0.63	14.1 ± 1.68	<0.0001b	47.8 ± 1.66	2.4 ± 0.38	10.0 ± 3.36
1.25	17.5 ± 1.80	<0.0001b	50.7 ± 1.68	3.0 ± 0.38	28.8 ± 10.89
2.5	13.3 ± 2.18	<0.0001b	47.6 ± 2.78	2.1 ± 0.44	79.2 ± 23.63
Trend test p-value	p < 0.0001b
EMS	15.3 ± 0.95	0.0003c	48.2 ± 0.98	2.4 ± 0.17	1.4 ± 0.93
Stomach
0	9.5 ± 1.93	–	40.6 ± 1.68	1.4 ± 0.31	34.8 ± 12.42
0.63	11.8 ± 1.77	0.6210	43.4 ± 1.62	1.8 ± 0.32	30.4 ± 10.05
1.25	12.4 ± 1.17	0.4496	42.9 ± 1.42	2.0 ± 0.21	39.6 ± 13.42
2.5	12.5 ± 1.36	0.4263	42.1 ± 1.49	1.8 ± 0.22	53.0 ± 14.94
Trend test p-value	p = 0.2151
EMS	30.2 ± 1.21	<0.0001c	54.6 ± 1.09	5.9 ± 0.28	83.0 ± 9.98

Abbreviations: EMS = ethyl methanesulfonate (positive control); OTM = olive tail moment.

^aData are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean; % tail DNA, tail length and OTM means are calculated from slide median data.

^bSignificant at p < 0.05.

^cSignificant at p < 0.025.