TABLE 4.
Association Between Selected Psychosocial Characteristics and Past or Current Cigarette Use: Southern California CHS, 2014
| Total, N (%) | Never Users, n (%) | Past Users, n (%) | Current Users, n (%) | OR (95% CI)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Versus Never Cigarette Users | Current Versus Never Cigarette Users | |||||
| Total, N (%) | 1585 (76.0) | 299 (14.4) | 200 (9.6) | |||
| Anyone living at home use e-cigarettes? | ||||||
| No | 1829 (87.8) | 1537 (90.7) | 205 (75.7) | 87 (73.1) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 241 (11.6) | 150 (8.9) | 60 (22.1) | 31 (26.1) | 3.25 (2.29–4.62) | 3.71 (2.33–5.92) |
| Missing | 14 | 7 | 6 | 1 | ||
| Anyone living at home use cigarettes? | ||||||
| No | 1638 (78.6) | 1392 (82.2) | 179 (66.1) | 67 (56.3) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 433 (20.8) | 295 (17.4) | 86 (31.7) | 52 (43.7) | 2.16 (1.61–2.90) | 3.48 (2.34–5.17)* |
| Missing | 13 | 7 | 6 | 0 | ||
| Number of friends who use e-cigarettes | ||||||
| 0 | 1410 (67.7) | 1251 (73.9) | 124 (45.8) | 35 (29.4) | Ref | Ref |
| 1 or 2 | 308 (14.8) | 207 (12.2) | 61 (22.5) | 40 (33.6) | 3.02 (2.12–4.29) | 6.55 (4.01–10.7)* |
| 3 or 4 | 205 (9.8) | 110 (6.5) | 63 (23.3) | 32 (26.9) | 5.68 (3.90–8.27) | 9.77 (5.73–16.6)* |
| Missing | 161 | 126 | 23 | 12 | ||
| Trend | 2.50 (2.08–3.00) | 3.28 (2.56–4.20) | ||||
| Number of friends who use cigarettes | ||||||
| 0 | 1513 (72.6) | 1356 (80.1) | 140 (51.7) | 17 (14.3) | Ref | Ref |
| 1 or 2 | 325 (15.6) | 182 (10.7) | 88 (32.5) | 55 (46.2) | 4.82 (3.50–6.64) | 25.5 (14.3–45.4)*** |
| 3 or 4 | 85 (4.1) | 31 (1.8) | 21 (7.8) | 33 (27.7) | 6.51 (3.58–11.9) | 86.2 (42.1–176)*** |
| Missing | 161 | 125 | 22 | 14 | ||
| Trend | 3.58 (2.81–4.56) | 11.2 (8.03–15.6)*** | ||||
| Best friends’ reactions to e-cigarette use | ||||||
| Unfriendlyb | 1172 (56.2) | 1071 (63.2) | 85 (31.4) | 16 (13.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Friendly | 630 (30.2) | 432 (25.5) | 135 (49.8) | 63 (52.9) | 3.94 (2.91–5.34) | 9.06 (5.13–16.0)* |
| Very friendly | 265 (12.7) | 180 (10.6) | 48 (17.7) | 37 (31.1) | 3.30 (2.21–4.92) | 13.3 (7.12–24.7)*** |
| Missing | 17 | 11 | 3 | 3 | ||
| Trend | 2.07 (1.73–2.47) | 3.50 (2.69–4.56)*** | ||||
| Best friends’ reactions to cigarette use | ||||||
| Unfriendlyb | 1415 (67.9) | 1253 (74.0) | 134 (49.5) | 28 (23.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Friendly | 487 (23.4) | 307 (18.1) | 117 (43.2) | 63 (52.9) | 3.61 (2.71–4.82) | 8.89 (5.55–14.2)** |
| Very friendly | 167 (8.0) | 122 (7.2) | 18 (6.6) | 27 (22.7) | 1.29 (0.75–2.20) | 9.41 (5.29–16.7)*** |
| Missing | 15 | 12 | 2 | 1 | ||
| Trend | 1.73 (1.42–2.10) | 3.55 (2.75–4.59)*** | ||||
| Are e-cigarettes bad for your health? | ||||||
| Strongly agree | 1324 (63.5) | 1157 (68.3) | 125 (46.1) | 42 (35.3) | Ref | Ref |
| Agree | 455 (21.8) | 338 (20.0) | 80 (29.5) | 37 (31.1) | 2.17 (1.59–2.97) | 2.97 (1.86–4.72) |
| Disagreec | 291 (14.0) | 187 (11.0) | 64 (23.6) | 40 (33.6) | 3.12 (2.20–4.44) | 5.60 (3.47–9.02)* |
| Missing | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | ||
| Trend | 1.82 (1.54–2.16) | 2.41 (1.91–3.04)* | ||||
| Are cigarettes bad for your health? | ||||||
| Strongly agree | 1784 (85.6) | 1481 (87.4) | 226 (83.4) | 77 (64.7) | Ref | Ref |
| Agree | 260 (12.5) | 179 (10.6) | 41 (15.1) | 40 (33.6) | 1.30 (0.90–1.90) | 3.98 (2.60–6.10)*** |
| Disagreec | 30 (1.4) | 26 (1.5) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (1.7) | — | — |
| Missing | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | ||
Ref, reference; —, analysis not possible due to small cell count.
a
Adjusted for community and coadjusted for gender, ethnicity, income, and highest parental education, as appropriate. P values for test of difference in effect estimates: *P < .05, **P < .005, ***P < .0005.
b
Very unfriendly or unfriendly.
c
Disagree or strongly disagree.