. 2015 Jul 16;7(7):5905–5915. doi: 10.3390/nu7075260

Table 4.

Antioxidant status of serum, liver and kidney of rats fed with alkylating agents (mutagen) MNU and fermented beetroot juice.

Index	C	CJ	M	MJ	SEM	Diet		Juice		D × J
Index	C	CJ	M	MJ	SEM	C	M	0	+	P
Hydrophilic antioxidants ¹	0.043^a	0.043 ^a	0.023 ^b	0.039 ^a	0.002	0.043 ^a	0.031 ^b	0.033 ^b	0.041 ^a	<0.05
Lipophilic antioxidants ²	0.061^a	0.066 ^a	0.048 ^b	0.048^b	0.002	0.063 ^a	0.048 ^b	0.054 ^b	0.057 ^b	<0.05
Liver ³	36.88	35.59	36.41	37.13	0.040	36.24	36.77	36.64	36.36	0.414
MDA ⁴	30.15	29.84	29.43	30.87	0.854	30.00	30.15	27.79	30.36	0.530
Kidneys 3	5.99	5.88	6.22	6.33	0.008	5.93	6.28	6.11	6.11	0.837
MDA 4	85.84	86.18	84.08	86.08	2.250	86.01	85.17	84.96	86.13	0.550

¹ μmol Ascorbic Acid (AA) equivalent per mL serum; ² μmol Trolox (T) equivalent per mL serum; ³ mg·g⁻¹ body weight (BW); ⁴ nmol·g⁻¹ tissue; MDA, malondialdehyde; C, Control—Basic diet; CJ—Basic diet and fermented red beetroot juice; M—Basic diet and mutagen N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU); MJ—Basic diet and mutagen MNU and fermented red beetroot juice; ^a,b,c—p ≤ 0.05; SEM—Standard errors of the means (standard deviation for all rats divided by square root of rat number, n = 32).