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. 2015 Jul 6;112(29):E3940–E3949. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1422629112

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6.

Effects of FPC and PCC lesions on conflict-induced behavioral modulation. (A) In the WCST conflict test, the level of conflict varied from trial to trial. In the high-conflict condition (H), one of the test items matched the sample in color, a second matched the sample in shape, and the last one matched neither color nor shape. Therefore, the monkeys had to resolve the competition\conflict between two potential matching rules to select the correct target. In the low-conflict condition (L), one of the test items matched the sample in both color and shape, and the other two matched in neither color nor shape. Thus, there was no conflict. The low- and high-conflict trials were intermingled, and the selection of low- or high-conflict trial was done according to a pseudorandom sequence that equated the numbers of trials between the two conditions. Trial events and feedbacks were similar between the two conditions. Before testing the monkeys with WCST conflict, the monkeys were trained with two consecutive sessions comprised only of low-conflict trials. All of the other aspects of the task were the same as those of the standard WCST analog. (B) No changes in conflict cost by either the FPC or PCC lesions. The conflict cost was calculated as the difference in STS between the L and H conditions (STS in L trials − STS in H trials), and then, the preoperative value was subtracted from the postoperative value. (C) The conflict adaptation was significantly augmented in FPC-lesioned but not PCC-lesioned monkeys. The conflict adaptation in preoperative as well as postoperative testing was calculated as a mean difference in STS between LH and HH trials, and then, the preoperative value was subtracted from the postoperative value in each monkey. The bars indicate the group mean in each group. The tilted squares indicate values of individual monkeys. The markers for individual data points in B and C indicate the monkeys (Figs. 2 and 3) from which the data were obtained: ●, FPC1; ▲, FPC2; ■, FPC3; and ◆, FPC4 for the FPC group and ■, PCC1; ◆, PCC2; and ▲, PCC3 for the PCC group.