Table S3.
Interrater reliability for the 32 features
| Feature | % agreement | Kappa |
| Aerophone use | 96.7 | 0.905 |
| Instrument use | 96.7 | 0.870 |
| Voice use | 93.3 | 0.850 |
| Discrete pitches | 93.3 | 0.714 |
| Word use | 93.3 | 0.441 |
| Chest voice | 93.3 | NA |
| Metrical hierarchy | 90.0 | 0.603 |
| Dissonant homophony | 90.0 | 0.571 |
| Pentatonic scale | 90.0 | 0.500 |
| ≤7 scale degrees | 90.0 | −0.043 |
| Nonequidistant scale | 90.0 | NA |
| Sex segregation | 86.7 | 0.767 |
| Group performance | 86.7 | 0.426 |
| Isochronous beat | 86.7 | 0.259 |
| Syllabic singing | 83.3 | 0.578 |
| Two- or three-beat subdivisions | 83.3 | NA |
| Loud volume | 80.0 | 0.585 |
| Percussion use | 80.0 | 0.532 |
| Vocal embellishment | 80.0 | 0.508 |
| Short phrases | 80.0 | 0.260 |
| Two-beat subdivisions | 76.7 | 0.452 |
| Membranophone use | 76.7 | 0.386 |
| Motivic patterns | 73.3 | 0.172 |
| Idiophone use | 70.0 | 0.363 |
| High register | 66.7 | 0.282 |
| Small intervals | 66.7 | 0.189 |
| Descending/arched contour | 66.7 | NA |
| Phrase repetition | 63.3 | 0.127 |
| Vocable use | 63.3 | 0.086 |
| Few durational values | 60.0 | −0.017 |
| Male performers | 56.7 | 0.649 |
| Dance accompaniment | NA | NA |
| Average | 80.8 | 0.445 |
The data are based on codings of 30 randomly-selected recordings by P.E.S. and E.S. (SI Materials).