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. 2015 Jul 28;5:12623. doi: 10.1038/srep12623

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(a) Representative recording traces of intraluminal pressure change (upper), expelled liquid volume (middle) and blood pressure (lower) before and after injection of NA (50 nmol) under the condition of tetrodotoxin-induced neural inactivation are shown. (b) Representative recording traces of intraluminal pressure change (upper) and expelled liquid volume (lower) before and after injection of NA (50 nmol) under the condition of neural disconnection between the brain stem and spinal defecation center by transection of the thoracic spinal cord (T8 level) are shown. Similar results were reproducibly obtained in three independent rats in both experiments.