Table 2.
Association between anemia and demographic and socioeconomic variables, non-pregnant, ever-married women aged 15–49, Bangladesh 2011
| Variable | Percentage with anemiaa | χ 2-value | p-value** | No. of women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residence | 20.043 | p < 0.001 | ||
| Urban | 37.2 | 1856 | ||
| Rural | 43.5 | 3437 | ||
| Education | ||||
| No education | 45.9 | 32.940 | p < 0.001 | 1402 |
| Primary | 43.0 | 1620 | ||
| Secondary | 38.1 | 1873 | ||
| Higher | 33.2 | 398 | ||
| Husband’s education | ||||
| No education | 44.7 | 20.965 | p < 0.001 | 1546 |
| Primary | 43.0 | 1498 | ||
| Secondary | 38.5 | 1492 | ||
| Higher | 36.6 | 757 | ||
| Breastfeeding | ||||
| No | 39.7 | 16.293 | p < 0.001 | 3935 |
| Yes | 45.9 | 1358 | ||
| Currently amenorrheic | ||||
| No | 40.4 | 28.123 | p < 0.001 | 5003 |
| Yes | 56.2 | 290 | ||
| Currently using contraceptive method | ||||
| No | 44.1 | 10.598 | p < 0.001 | 2025 |
| Yes | 39.6 | 3268 | ||
| Currently working | ||||
| No | 40.9 | 1.898 | 0.1680 | 4550 |
| Yes | 43.6 | 743 | ||
| Drinking water source | ||||
| Non-improved | 41.0 | 0.013 | 0.9090 | 458 |
| Improved | 41.3 | 4835 | ||
| Toilet facility | ||||
| Unhygienic | 43.3 | 7.871 | p < 0.01 | 2467 |
| Hygienic | 39.5 | 2826 | ||
| Living with husband | ||||
| No | 43.4 | 0.701 | 0.4030 | 350 |
| Yes | 41.1 | 4943 | ||
| Religion | ||||
| Muslim | 40.2 | 19.370 | p < 0.001 | 4668 |
| Non-Muslim | 49.4 | 625 | ||
| Wealth Index | ||||
| Poor | 47.5 | 57.348 | p < 0.001 | 1891 |
| Middle | 42.1 | 1016 | ||
| Rich | 36.0 | 2386 | ||
| Body Mass Index | ||||
| Thin | 50.5 | 94.302 | p < 0.001 | 1302 |
| Normal | 40.8 | 3035 | ||
| Overweight | 31.0 | 788 | ||
| Obese | 27.4 | 168 | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 15–29 years | 38.6 | 13.579 | p < 0.001 | 2411 |
| 30–49 years | 43.6 | 2882 | ||
| Age at first marriage | ||||
| Less than 18 years | 41.9 | 2.505 | 0.1130 | 4137 |
| 18 years and older | 39.3 | 1156 | ||
| Number of children ever born | ||||
| None | 37.7 | 27.545 | p < 0.001 | 422 |
| 1–2 | 38.4 | 2411 | ||
| 3–6 | 44.1 | 2219 | ||
| 7 or more | 51.0 | 241 |
Note: aAnemia (Hb level < 12.0 g/dl), **p-value (p < 0.001, 0.1 % level of significance)