Fig 4 Re-analysis of studies involving interrupted time series where the outcome was hand hygiene compliance. Points represent observations, solid lines show expected values from fitted segmented regression models, and broken lines represent extrapolated trends before intervention. SYS=system change; EDU=education; FED=feedback; REM=reminders; SAF=institutional safety climate; INC=incentives; GOAL=goal setting; ACC=accountability; WHO-5=combined intervention strategies including SYS, EDU, FED, REM, and SAF