miR-27a targets alcohol- and HCV-mediated monocyte activation and IL-10 secretion. (A–E) Healthy monocytes were transfected with anti– miR control or miR-27a inhibitor (A–D) or miR control or miR-27a mimic (E), stimulated with 25 mM alcohol and/or HCV concentrate for 7 d (A–E) as indicated. (A) miR-27a levels were determined by qRT-PCR. (B and C) Cell surface expression of CD14, CD68, CD16, CD206, and DC-SIGN were determined on the monocytes. (D) Culture medium was collected and supernatants were analyzed for TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β production by ELISA. (E) miR-27a expression was assayed by qRT-PCR and normalized to RNU48 control after transfection with miR control or miR-27a mimic. Data from three experiments (means ± SEM) are shown. *p < 0.05. #p < 0.05 as compared with anti–miR control or miR control. EtOH, ethanol.