Fig. 5. Lithium or an IMPase inhibitor reduces accumulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c and autofluorescence in CbCln3^{Δex7/8/Δex7/8} cerebellar cells.

(A and B) Effect of lithium on the deposition of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c. CbCln3^+/+ or CbCln3^{Δex7/8/Δex7/8} cerebellar cells were left untreated or incubated with 10 mM LiCl for 14 days and then immunostained using anti-mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c antibody. The numbers of vesicles per cell (mean vesicle count/cell) were counted under a fluorescence microscope (A) and a typical image is shown (B). (C and D) Effect of lithium on the accumulation of autofluorescence. CbCln3^+/+ and CbCln3^{Δex7/8/Δex7/8} cerebellar cells were left untreated (Mock) or incubated with 10 mM NaCl, 100 µM L690,330, 0.2 µM rapamycin (Rapa) or 10 mM LiCl for 7 days. The autofluorescence (arrows) was visualized under a confocal microscope (C). Cells showing autofluorescence were counted and their percentage among total cell numbers are represented as bars (means ± S.D., n > 30). Asterisk indicates significant difference from control (p < 0.05) (D). (E) Effect of L690,330 on the subcellular distribution of lysosomes. CbCln3^{Δex7/8/Δex7/8} cerebellar cells were left untreated (Mock) or treated with 10 mM LiCl or 100 µM L690,330 for 48 h, incubated with Lysotracker (red) and then examined under a fluorescence microscope. “N” indicates the nucleus.