Table 5.

Filipino American Caregivers.

References	Focus of research	Research design	Sample characteristics	Key findings
(22) Jones, Jaceldo, Lee, Zhang, and Meleis (2001)	Examine CGs’ role involvement, role integration, and health	Questionnaire	21 first-generation FA CGs.	• Role integration was strongly, positively associated with CGs’ health and psychological well-being. • Role satisfaction was consistently high and significantly correlated with psychological well-being.
(23) Jones, Zhang, Jaceldo-Siegl, and Meleis (2002)	Describe the caregiving process	Face-to-face interview	19 first-generation FA CGs	• CGs experienced being in transition between traditional Asian culture and new Western culture, beliefs, and values. • CGs conceptualized caregiving as “transplanted filial values” and “high calling.” • CGs shared filial responsibilities with sons and husbands.
(24) Jones, Zhang, and Meleis (2003)	Examine parental caregiving experience	Face-to-face interview	19 first-generation FA CGs	• CGs’ strong sense of filial responsibility took priority over all other responsibilities. • CGs experienced conflicts between CGs’ and their parents’ worldviews due to acculturation. • CGs connected their inner strength with religion, grew stronger through caregiving experience, and utilized family resources.
(25) Kimura and Browne (2009)	Examine CGs’ attitudes toward caregiving and service use	Focus group and questionnaire	12 first-generation FA CGs	• CGs showed respect for the elderly and desire to reciprocate their kindness. • Immigration and economic necessity made it difficult for CGs to provide care in the United States. • CGs were receptive to formal service use and governmental assistance, but noted the issues of CRs’ shame.

Note. CG = caregiver; FA = Filipino American; CR = care recipient.