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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 28.
Published in final edited form as: Neoreviews. 2014 Apr 1;15(4):e133–e150. doi: 10.1542/neo.15-4-e133

Table 6.

Calculation of Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, and NPV

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Note:
  1. Disease is the first row (on the top) and test is the first column by convention.
  2. The numerator for predictive values and sensitivity/ specificity is always a TRUE value (TN or TP).
  3. Sensitivity/specificity are calculated along columns and rows are associated with predictive value calculations (see above).
  4. A highly sensitive test is used to rule out disease (SnOUT): low false-negative rate.
  5. A highly specific test is used to rule in disease (SpIN): low false-positive rate.

NPV=negative predictive value, PPV=positive predictive value.