. 2015 Jun 17;182(3):187–197. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv041

Table 3.

Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Leptin Concentration and Pancreatic Cancer by Follow-up Time in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (1985–2009), Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (1998–2006), and Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (1992–2010)

	Follow-up Period^a
	Overall^b				<5 Years				5 to <10 Years				≥10 Years^b
	Cases	Controls	OR	95% CI	Cases	Controls	OR	95% CI	Cases	Controls	OR	95% CI	Cases	Controls	OR	95% CI
Total Population^c
Crude OR
Q1^d	149	181	1.00	Referent	45	52	1.00	Referent	45	53	1.00	Referent	59	76	1.00	Referent
Q2	138	181	0.96	0.70, 1.31	37	58	0.82	0.46, 1.48	43	55	0.98	0.55, 1.74	58	68	1.12	0.69, 1.81
Q3	137	183	0.96	0.70, 1.32	45	52	1.05	0.58, 1.90	44	69	0.79	0.45, 1.39	48	62	1.00	0.60, 1.68
Q4	160	181	1.17	0.86, 1.60	47	55	1.14	0.62, 2.07	49	81	0.76	0.45, 1.31	64	45	1.94	1.13, 3.33
Q5	147	183	1.06	0.78, 1.45	46	81	0.70	0.40, 1.22	47	61	1.01	0.58, 1.76	54	41	1.72	1.00, 2.94
P_trend^e			0.60				0.10				0.69				0.03
Per SD^b,f	731	909	1.03	0.93, 1.13	220	298	0.86	0.72, 1.04	228	319	1.04	0.87, 1.23	283	292	1.22	1.01, 1.47
Adjusted OR
Q1^d	149	181	1.00	Referent	45	52	1.00	Referent	45	53	1.00	Referent	59	76	1.00	Referent
Q2	138	181	0.95	0.68, 1.33	37	58	0.81	0.52, 2.12	43	55	0.98	0.52, 1.84	58	68	1.16	0.69, 1.95
Q3	137	183	0.98	0.68, 1.40	45	52	1.05	0.52, 2.12	44	69	0.77	0.40, 1.47	48	62	1.05	0.58, 1.90
Q4	160	181	1.20	0.84, 1.74	47	55	1.16	0.56, 2.40	49	81	0.77	0.40, 1.49	64	45	2.21	1.18, 4.13
Q5	147	183	1.13	0.75, 1.71	46	81	0.65	0.30, 1.39	47	61	1.08	0.50, 2.33	54	41	2.55	1.23, 5.27
P_trend^e			0.38				0.07				0.36				0.004
Per SD^b,f	731	909	1.06	0.93, 1.22	220	298	0.79	0.61, 1.03	228	319	1.12	0.88, 1.42	283	292	1.44	1.11, 1.88
ATBC Cohort
Crude OR
Q1^d	87	91	1.00	Referent	22	14	1.00	Referent	23	16	1.00	Referent	42	61	1.00	Referent
Q2	75	86	0.93	0.61, 1.43	14	18	0.51	0.18, 1.44	18	14	0.90	0.33, 2.46	43	54	1.24	0.71, 2.17
Q3	60	65	0.99	0.62, 1.57	12	13	0.58	0.19, 1.81	13	12	0.77	0.28, 2.17	35	40	1.39	0.75, 2.58
Q4	74	57	1.40	0.88, 2.23	11	13	0.59	0.18, 1.94	16	16	0.80	0.31, 2.03	47	28	2.75	1.42, 5.31
Q5	56	53	1.13	0.69, 1.85	10	11	0.56	0.17, 1.85	4	16	0.18	0.05, 0.70	42	26	2.62	1.33, 5.19
P_trend^e			0.29				0.65				0.01				0.006
Per SD^b,f	352	352	1.09	0.93, 1.29	69	69	0.89	0.55, 1.46	74	74	0.59	0.37, 0.94	209	209	1.35	1.07, 1.71
Adjusted OR
Q1^d	87	91	1.00	Referent	22	14	1.00	Referent	23	16	1.00	Referent	42	61	1.00	Referent
Q2	75	86	0.89	0.57, 1.40	14	18	0.35	0.08, 1.41	18	14	0.81	0.28, 2.34	43	54	1.32	0.72, 2.42
Q3	60	65	0.95	0.57, 1.59	12	13	0.37	0.09, 1.65	13	12	0.61	0.19, 2.01	35	40	1.47	0.72, 2.98
Q4	74	57	1.50	0.87, 2.59	11	13	0.54	0.11, 2.71	16	16	0.62	0.18, 2.14	47	28	3.20	1.48, 6.94
Q5	56	53	1.33	0.70, 2.52	10	11	0.39	0.07, 2.08	4	16	0.13	0.02, 0.70	42	26	4.71	1.80, 12.3
P_trend^e			0.15				0.69				0.006				0.001
Per SD^b,f	352	352	1.18	0.94, 1.49	69	69	0.87	0.43, 1.75	74	74	0.41	0.21, 0.83	209	209	1.67	1.19, 2.35
PLCO/CPS-II^g
Crude OR
Q1^d	62	90	1.00	Referent	23	38	1.00	Referent	22	37	1.00	Referent	17	15	1.00	Referent
Q2	63	95	0.99	0.63, 1.57	23	40	1.07	0.51, 2.23	25	41	1.09	0.51, 2.29	15	14	0.85	0.31, 2.35
Q3	77	118	0.93	0.60, 1.44	33	39	1.40	0.68, 2.86	31	57	0.89	0.44, 1.81	13	22	0.49	0.17, 1.36
Q4	86	124	1.03	0.66, 1.59	36	42	1.51	0.73, 3.10	33	65	0.84	0.42, 1.69	17	17	0.86	0.31, 2.36
Q5	91	130	1.01	0.67, 1.52	36	70	0.82	0.43, 1.58	43	45	1.64	0.83, 3.24	12	15	0.76	0.30, 1.97
P_trend^e			0.94				0.12				0.08				0.62
Per SD^b,f	379	557	1.09	0.93, 1.29	151	229	0.86	0.70, 1.04	154	245	1.19	0.98, 1.45	74	83	0.91	0.61, 1.34
Adjusted OR
Q1^d	62	90	1.00	Referent	23	38	1.00	Referent	22	37	1.00	Referent	17	15	1.00	Referent
Q2	63	95	1.07	0.65, 1.78	23	40	1.27	0.55, 2.94	25	41	1.22	0.52, 2.85	15	14	1.08	0.31, 3.75
Q3	77	118	1.02	0.61, 1.71	33	39	1.67	0.71, 3.89	31	57	0.99	0.42, 2.35	13	22	0.49	0.13, 1.86
Q4	86	124	1.13	0.67, 1.89	36	42	1.71	0.71, 4.14	33	65	1.00	0.42, 2.37	17	17	1.59	0.45, 5.67
Q5	91	130	1.08	0.62, 1.90	36	70	0.80	0.32, 2.00	43	45	2.39	0.87, 6.56	12	15	1.45	0.38, 5.58
P_trend^e			0.81				0.04				0.03				0.54
Per SD^b,f	379	557	1.02	0.86, 1.22	151	229	0.75	0.56, 1.00	154	245	1.36	1.03, 1.81	74	83	1.20	0.68, 2.11

Abbreviations: ATBC, Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study; CI, confidence interval; CPS-II, Cancer Prevention Study Nutrition Cohort; OR, odds ratio; PLCO, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial; Q, quintile; SD, standard deviation.

^a P value for interaction with follow-up time (continuous measure) in overall models was 0.003. P value was based on a −2 log-likelihood test using a continuous leptin measure.

^b P_{heterogeneity} by cohort was 0.87 overall and 0.12 for >10 years. P_{heterogeneity} was based on a −2 log-likelihood test with 2 df comparing a model with an interaction term for cohort and continuous leptin with a model without any interaction term.

^c Conditional logistic regression. Crude models were conditioned on age, sex, race, cohort, and date of blood draw. Multivariable model was additionally adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index (8 categories), and diabetes.

^d Sex-specific quintiles were <2.89, 2.89 to <4.80, 4.80 to <7.22, 7.22 to <11.67, and ≥11.67 ng/mL for men and <10.82, 10.82 to <17.43, 17.43 to <26.55, 26.55 to <40.78, and ≥40.78 ng/mL for women.

^e P_trend was based on a −2 log-likelihood test comparing a model with a continuous leptin measure (standard deviation) with a model without a continuous measure.

^f Standard deviations were 7.34 ng/mL for men and 23.12 ng/mL for women.

^g Analyses combine the 2 US cohorts (PLCO and CPS-II) that were similar in demographics and calendar era.