Table 2. Summary of the normal phenotypes registered in MARSS*.
| Bacterial species |
Resistance phenotypes |
β-lactam antibiotics |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMX |
TIC |
AMC |
TCC |
TZP |
FOX |
OXA |
CRO |
FEP |
CAZ |
IPM |
||
| Escherichia coli | ||||||||||||
| Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |||||
| Low-level penicillinase | I/R | I/R | S | S | S | S | S | |||||
| Inhibitor-resistant penicillinase | I/R | I/R | R | R | S | S | S | |||||
| High-level penicillinase | I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | S | S | |||||
| ESBL | R | R | S/I/R | S/I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||
|
|
High-level cephalosporinase |
R |
R |
R |
R |
|
|
|
R |
S |
|
S |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | ||||||
| ESBL | I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||||
| High-level cephalosporinase | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | S | |||||||
|
|
ESBL-TZP-sensible |
|
|
I/R |
|
S |
|
|
I/R |
I/R |
|
S |
|
Proteus mirabilis
|
Wild | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | ||||
| Low-level penicillinase | I/R | I/R | S | S | S | S | S | |||||
| Inhibitor-resistant penicillinase | R | R | R | R | S | S | S | |||||
| High-level penicillinase | R | R | I/R | I/R | S | S | S | |||||
| ESBL | R | R | I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||
| High-level cephalosporinase |
R |
R |
R |
R |
|
|
|
R |
S |
|
S |
|
|
Klebsiella oxytoca
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | |||||||
| ESBL | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | ||||||||
| High-level penicillinase | I/R | S/I/R | S | S | ||||||||
| Low-level penicillinase | S | R | S | S | ||||||||
| ESBL–TZP-sensible |
|
|
I/R |
|
S |
|
|
|
I/R |
|
S |
|
|
Enterobacter aerogenes
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | ||||||
| Inhibitors-resistant penicillinase | R | R | S | S | S | |||||||
| ESBL | S/I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||||
| High-level cephalosporinase |
|
|
|
I/R |
I/R |
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
S |
|
|
Morganella morganii
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | ||||||
| Inhibitor-resistant penicillinase | R | R | S | S | S | |||||||
| ESBL | S/I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||||
| High-level cephalosporinase |
|
|
|
I/R |
I/R |
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
S |
|
|
Serratia marcescens
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | ||||||
| Inhibitor-resistant penicillinase | R | R | S | S | S | |||||||
| ESBL | S/I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||||
| High-level cephalosporinase |
|
|
|
I/R |
I/R |
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
S |
|
|
Enterobacter cloacae
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | ||||||
| Inhibitor-resistant penicillinase | R | R | S | S | S | |||||||
| ESBL | S/I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||||
| High-level cephalosporinase |
|
|
|
I/R |
I/R |
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
S |
|
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | S | |||||
| Penicillinase | R | R/I/S | I/S | S | S | S | ||||||
| High-level penicillinase | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | S | S | ||||||
| ESBL | I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | ||||||
| Selective permeability to imipenem | S | S | S | S | S | R | ||||||
| Penicillinase, loss of D2 porine |
|
R |
|
R |
S |
|
|
|
S |
S |
R |
|
|
Acinetobacter baumannii
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | |||||||
| Penicillinase | R | R/I/S | S | S | ||||||||
| ESBL |
|
I/R |
|
I/R |
|
|
|
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
|
Streptococcus agalactiae
|
Wild | S | S | |||||||||
| Oxacillin-resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
Enterococcus faecalis
|
Wild-type |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. faecium
|
Wild-type |
I/R |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Wild-type | S | ||||||||||
| Methicillin-resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
I/R |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| S. epidermidis | Wild-type | S | ||||||||||
| Methicillin-resistant | I/R | |||||||||||
*MARSS, Marseille Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance System; AMC, amoxicillin; TIC, ticarcillin; AMC, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; TIC, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam; FOX, cefoxitin; OXA, oxacillin; CRO, ceftriaxone; FEP, cefepime; CAZ, ceftazidime; IMP, imipenem; S, susceptible; I, intermediate; R, resistant; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase.