Table 2. Summary of the normal phenotypes registered in MARSS*.
Bacterial species |
Resistance phenotypes |
β-lactam antibiotics |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AMX |
TIC |
AMC |
TCC |
TZP |
FOX |
OXA |
CRO |
FEP |
CAZ |
IPM |
||
Escherichia coli | ||||||||||||
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |||||
Low-level penicillinase | I/R | I/R | S | S | S | S | S | |||||
Inhibitor-resistant penicillinase | I/R | I/R | R | R | S | S | S | |||||
High-level penicillinase | I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | S | S | |||||
ESBL | R | R | S/I/R | S/I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||
|
High-level cephalosporinase |
R |
R |
R |
R |
|
|
|
R |
S |
|
S |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | ||||||
ESBL | I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||||
High-level cephalosporinase | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | S | |||||||
|
ESBL-TZP-sensible |
|
|
I/R |
|
S |
|
|
I/R |
I/R |
|
S |
Proteus mirabilis
|
Wild | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | ||||
Low-level penicillinase | I/R | I/R | S | S | S | S | S | |||||
Inhibitor-resistant penicillinase | R | R | R | R | S | S | S | |||||
High-level penicillinase | R | R | I/R | I/R | S | S | S | |||||
ESBL | R | R | I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||
High-level cephalosporinase |
R |
R |
R |
R |
|
|
|
R |
S |
|
S |
|
Klebsiella oxytoca
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | |||||||
ESBL | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | ||||||||
High-level penicillinase | I/R | S/I/R | S | S | ||||||||
Low-level penicillinase | S | R | S | S | ||||||||
ESBL–TZP-sensible |
|
|
I/R |
|
S |
|
|
|
I/R |
|
S |
|
Enterobacter aerogenes
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | ||||||
Inhibitors-resistant penicillinase | R | R | S | S | S | |||||||
ESBL | S/I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||||
High-level cephalosporinase |
|
|
|
I/R |
I/R |
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
S |
|
Morganella morganii
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | ||||||
Inhibitor-resistant penicillinase | R | R | S | S | S | |||||||
ESBL | S/I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||||
High-level cephalosporinase |
|
|
|
I/R |
I/R |
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
S |
|
Serratia marcescens
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | ||||||
Inhibitor-resistant penicillinase | R | R | S | S | S | |||||||
ESBL | S/I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||||
High-level cephalosporinase |
|
|
|
I/R |
I/R |
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
S |
|
Enterobacter cloacae
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | ||||||
Inhibitor-resistant penicillinase | R | R | S | S | S | |||||||
ESBL | S/I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | |||||||
High-level cephalosporinase |
|
|
|
I/R |
I/R |
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
S |
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | S | S | |||||
Penicillinase | R | R/I/S | I/S | S | S | S | ||||||
High-level penicillinase | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | S | S | ||||||
ESBL | I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | I/R | S | ||||||
Selective permeability to imipenem | S | S | S | S | S | R | ||||||
Penicillinase, loss of D2 porine |
|
R |
|
R |
S |
|
|
|
S |
S |
R |
|
Acinetobacter baumannii
|
Wild-type | S | S | S | S | |||||||
Penicillinase | R | R/I/S | S | S | ||||||||
ESBL |
|
I/R |
|
I/R |
|
|
|
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
Streptococcus agalactiae
|
Wild | S | S | |||||||||
Oxacillin-resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
I/R |
S |
|
|
|
|
Enterococcus faecalis
|
Wild-type |
S |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. faecium
|
Wild-type |
I/R |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Wild-type | S | ||||||||||
Methicillin-resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
I/R |
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. epidermidis | Wild-type | S | ||||||||||
Methicillin-resistant | I/R |
*MARSS, Marseille Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance System; AMC, amoxicillin; TIC, ticarcillin; AMC, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; TIC, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam; FOX, cefoxitin; OXA, oxacillin; CRO, ceftriaxone; FEP, cefepime; CAZ, ceftazidime; IMP, imipenem; S, susceptible; I, intermediate; R, resistant; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase.