Table 1. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of T2DM patients broken down by the presence of DKD.
| Control group (n = 281) | Case group (n = 287) | P* value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.4 ± 9.6 | 60.2 ± 10.2 | 0.281 |
| Gender (% males) | 34.2 | 56.4 | < 0.000001 |
| Ethnicity (% black) | 21.9 | 21.3 | 0.860 |
| T2DM duration (years) | 16.5 ± 6.5 | 14.7 ± 9.1 | 0.006 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 ± 4.7 | 29.0 ± 5.1 | 0.153 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.99 ± 1.98 | 6.88 ± 2.12 | 0.537 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 142.5 ± 22.3 | 144.8 ± 22.6 | 0.226 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 85.8 ± 13.1 | 86.3 ± 13.4 | 0.669 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 208.9 ± 45.0 | 213.8 ± 49.1 | 0.275 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46.1 ± 12.1 | 42.9 ± 12.6 | 0.002 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 145 (35–892) | 164 (44–1470) | 0.005 |
| Diabetic retinopathy (%) | 42.8 | 66.2 | < 0.000001 |
| Creatinine (μg/dL) | 0.9 (0.5–2.99) | 1.1 (0.4–13.6) | < 0.000001 |
Data are mean ± SD, median (minimum-maximum values) or %. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
*P values are according to χ2 test or t-test as appropriate.