Table 2.

Estimates of treatment effects for Safewards interventions relative to control for primary and secondary outcomes.

Outcome	Estimate	95% CI	p-Value
Primary outcome
PCC conflict
Count rate ratio	0.850	0.763–0.943	0.001
Hurdle rate ratioa	1.139	0.915–1.426	0.234
PCC containment
Count rate ratio	0.768	0.655–0.901	0.004
Hurdle rate ratioa	1.044	0.828–1.336	0.708
Secondary outcomesb
WAS
Order and organisation	−0.315	−0.792 to 0.163	0.197
Programme clarity	0.267	−0.218 to 0.753	0.281
Staff control	−0.196	−0.568 to 0.176	0.301
SHAS
Total	0.227	−3.375 to 3.829	0.902
APDQ
Enjoyment	0.023	−0.13 to 0.176	0.768
Security	−0.079	−0.209 to 0.05	0.231
Acceptance	0.067	−0.062 to 0.196	0.312
Purpose	−0.087	−0.28 to 0.1	0.388
Enthusiasm	0.031	−0.178 to 0.24	0.772
SF-36
Physical health	−1.85	−3.702 to 0.003	0.05
Mental health	−0.709	−2.962 to 1.544	0.537

^aTest for difference in number of zero event shifts between baseline implementation and outcome periods.

^bPositive figures represent increases or improvements on the experimental wards, negative figures increases or improvements on the control wards.