. 2015 Jul 15;2015:194696. doi: 10.1155/2015/194696

Table 2.

Changes at 24 months.

Variable	ILI (N = 18)		COT (N = 29)		SOG (N = 23)		p value overall	p value^∗
Variable							p value overall	ILI versus COT	ILI versus SOG	COT versus SOG
Weight loss^†	123.3 ± 27.2	109.5 ± 26.7	127.1 ± 18.3	125.1 ± 20.2	133.6 ± 27	93.2 ± 22.7	<0.0001	0.0044	<0.0001	<0.0001
Weight loss^†	−11.3 ± 8.7		−1.6 ± 7		−29.6 ± 13.1		<0.0001	0.0044	<0.0001	<0.0001

Body-mass index^†	45.8 ± 5.5	40.6 ± 6.9	47.2 ± 5.3	46.2 ± 5.4	49.5 ± 7	34.4 ± 6.1	<0.0001	0.0041	<0.0001	<0.0001
Body-mass index^†	−11.6 ± 8.7		−1.8 ± 7		−29.7 ± 13.1		<0.0001	0.0041	<0.0001	<0.0001

Systolic blood pressure^†	126.6 ± 20.3	129.4 ± 15.7	137.8 ± 12.7	138 ± 21	128.7 ± 13.9	130.4 ± 18.1	0.698	1	1	1
Systolic blood pressure^†	4.2 ± 17.6		0.5 ± 14.9		1.6 ± 12.3		0.698	1	1	1

Diastolic blood pressure^†	84.6 ± 12.9	84 ± 12.3	86.4 ± 11.1	84 ± 11.9	78 ± 7.5	77 ± 9.6	0.7969	1	1	1
Diastolic blood pressure^†	0.4 ± 14		−2.2 ± 11.7		−0.6 ± 14.3		0.7969	1	1	1

Heart rate^†	80.3 ± 11.8	70.6 ± 12	90.5 ± 12.8	80.8 ± 12.8	77.2 ± 6.4	78.1 ± 10.6	0.002	1	0.0065	0.0064
Heart rate^†	−11.6 ± 11.8		−10.1 ± 11.8		1.9 ± 16.2		0.002	1	0.0065	0.0064

Glucose^†	135.6 ± 45.2	112.3 ± 37.3	119.3 ± 47.3	124 ± 63.2	106.8 ± 20.5	92.1 ± 14.5	0.0366	0.09	1	0.091
Glucose^†	−12.7 ± 24.2		4.3 ± 30.8		−11.5 ± 18.1		0.0366	0.09	1	0.091

Glycated hemoglobin^†	6.4 ± 0.9 (N = 8)	6.5 ± 1.2 (N = 8)	7.7 ± 1.8 (N = 10)	7.5 ± 2.5 (N = 10)	6.1 ± 0.5 (N = 5)	5.6 ± 0.7 (N = 5)	0.6124	1	0.98	1
Glycated hemoglobin^†	0.4 ± 9		−3.1 ± 20.5		−8.4 ± 9.8		0.6124	1	0.98	1

Total cholesterol^†	209.4 ± 40.6	207.9 ± 32	193.8 ± 24.5	188.8 ± 27.5	177.3 ± 37.3	149.8 ± 29.3	0.0061	1	0.011	0.027
Total cholesterol^†	0.9 ± 15.3		−2.1 ± 11.1		−13.5 ± 18.9		0.0061	1	0.011	0.027

High-density lipoprotein^†	49.6 ± 11.3	52.6 ± 11.3	44.1 ± 10.2	44.2 ± 9.7	40.5 ± 7.8	43.5 ± 13.3	0.5572	1	1	0.92
High-density lipoprotein^†	6.9 ± 12.1		2.2 ± 19.4		8.3 ± 28.2		0.5572	1	1	0.92

High-density lipoprotein men^†	41.8 ± 11.2 (N = 5)	43.8 ± 11.9 (N = 5)	35.4 ± 8.5 (N = 8)	37.8 ± 6.2 (N = 8)	34.8 ± 7.4 (N = 8)	38.1 ± 13.4 (N = 8)	0.9113	1	1	1
High-density lipoprotein men^†	5.2 ± 10.5		11.7 ± 31.8		−11.9 ± 34.9		0.9113	1	1	1

High-density lipoprotein women^†	52.5 ± 10.3 (N = 13)	56 ± 9.5 (N = 13)	47.5 ± 8.9 (N = 21)	46.7 ± 9.8 (N = 21)	43.5 ± 6.2 (N = 15)	46.3 ± 12.8 (N = 15)	0.2366	0.41	1	0.54
High-density lipoprotein women^†	7.6 ± 13		−1.4 ± 11.1		6.4 ± 25		0.2366	0.41	1	0.54

Low-density lipoprotein^†	126.7 ± 31	130.2 ± 30.3	120.7 ± 19.9	117.9 ± 24.1	115.8 ± 27.3	81.7 ± 24.1	<0.0001	0.79	<0.0001	<0.0001
Low-density lipoprotein^†	5.2 ± 22.2		−1.5 ± 16.4		−27.7 ± 21.4		<0.0001	0.79	<0.0001	<0.0001

Triglycerides^†	177.6 ± 73.8	150.6 ± 46	142.4 ± 49.7	138.1 ± 42.6	141.5 ± 71.1	114.7 ± 66.2	0.1235	0.88	1	0.13
Triglycerides^†	−8.7 ± 27.2		−0.1 ± 21.6		−15.7 ± 32.7		0.1235	0.88	1	0.13

^∗ p values for the overall comparisons were calculated with the use of analysis of variance. p values for the comparisons between each pair of groups were calculated with the use of the Bonferroni method in post hoc analyses. p values were normalized; data were obtained from each patient percentage unitary variation (change between initial time and end time); it must be noted that this transformation does unitary variation positioning the patient on the same output level in each of the patients.

ILI: Intensive Lifestyle Intervention, COT: Conventional Obesity Therapy, and SOG: Surgical Obesity Group.

^†The first row indicates the mean and ± standard deviation baseline measurement, and the mean and ± standard deviation measurement at two years in international units. The second row indicates the mean percentage change (%) ± standard deviation (%) by calculation according to unit paired patient from baseline to two years.

International units: weight Kg, body-mass index Kg/m², systolic blood pressure & diastolic blood pressure mm/Hg, heart rate bpm, glucose & total cholesterol & high-density lipoprotein & low-density lipoprotein & triglycerides mg/dL, and glycated hemoglobin %.