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. 2015 Jul 29;5:12593. doi: 10.1038/srep12593

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Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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The MSCs from 4-week experimental rats were stimulated with 1 μM NE for 2 h alone, or pre-treated for 1 h with 1 μM ICI 118,551 (ICI), 5 μM H-89 or 5 μM U-0126 (U0126) and then stimulated by NE. These MSCs were co-cultured with bone marrow macrophages. A: Representative images of TRAP-stained osteoclasts (upper row) and resorption pits (lower row) produced by the bone marrow marcrophages. B and C: Barcharts depicting the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells (10 fields) and area of resorption pits. D: Real-time PCR of the expression RANKL, OPG and RANKL/OPG ratio by MSCs isolated from the condylar subchondral bone of 4-week control rats (Con) and experimental rats (Exp) treated with physiological saline (Veh), propranolol (PRO) or isoproterenol (ISO).