Skip to main content
. 2015 Jul 29;5:12593. doi: 10.1038/srep12593

Figure 8. Schematic model of elevated β2-AR (Adrb2) signal transduction in subchondral bone loss of TMJOA.

Figure 8

In condylar subchondral bone, increased sprouting of sympathetic nerve fibers and norepinephrine (NE) level, and increased expression of Adrb2 by MSCs occurs in response to abnormal mechanical loading. The accumulated high concentration of NE, via PAK pathway, promotes the MSCs to secret increased amount of RANKL, which stimulate the formation mature osteoclast and subsequent subchondral bone loss for TMJOA progression. In addition, activation of Adrb signal in osteoblast (Ob) or osteoclast (Oc) might also play a role in the subchondral bone loss of TMJOA.