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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Jul;23(7):691–698. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.002

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Modulating effects of bioactive food components on niche signaling pathways and crosstalks among them in cancer stem cells. The self-renewal characteristic of stem cells is maintained by various niche signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog and modified by direct and/or indirect interactions among different signaling pathways in this regulation. A number of bioactive food components including genistein, sulforaphane, vitamin D, EGCG, curcumin, dietary cholesterol, and piperin are shown to inhibit the abnormally upregulated Wnt signaling pathway in cancer stem cells. Dotted lines indicate likely events without evidence yet. Arrows represent stimulation and lines with blunted ends indicate inhibition. Palmitic acid, cholesterol, and glycine shown inside the circle indicate the modification of ligands for the activation of the pathway. The left-side of ligands indicates the amino-terminal and the right-side, carboxyl terminal. SFN: sulforaphane, EGCG: (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, pal: palmitic acid, gly: glycine, cho: cholesterol.